Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.6109/JKIICE.2009.13.4.727

Hardware Design of Arccosine Function for Mobile Vector Graphics Processor  

Choi, Byeong-Yoon (동의대학교 컴퓨터공학과)
Lee, Jong-Hyoung (동의대학교 전자공학과)
Abstract
In this paper, the $arccos(cos^{-1})$ arithmetic unit for mobile graphics accelerator is designed. The mobile vector graphics applications need tight area, execution time, power dissipation, and accuracy constraints compared to desktop PC applications. The designed processor adopts 2nd-order polynomial approximation scheme based on IEEE floating point data format to satisfy speed and accuracy conditions and reduces area via hardware sharing structure. The arccosine processor consists of 15,280 gates and its estimated operating frequency is about 125Mhz at operating condition of $0.35{\mu}m$ CMOS technology. Because the processor can execute arccosine function within 7 clock cycles, it has about 17 MOPS(million arccos operations per second) execution rate and can be applicable to mobile OpenVG processor. And because of its flexible architecture, it can be applicable to the various transcendental functions such as exponential, trigonometric and logarithmic functions via replacement of ROM and minor hardware modification.
Keywords
OpenVG; OpenGL/ES; SoC;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Khronos Group Inc., OpenVG Specification Version 1.0.1, 2005
2 Michael J. Schulte and Earl E. Swartzlander, "Hardware Design for Exactly Rounded Elementary Functions," IEEE Transactions on Computers, vol.43, no.8, pp.964-973, August 1994   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Gaoqi He, Baogang Bai, Zhigeng Pan, and Xi Cheng, "Accelerated Rendering of Vector Graphics on Mobile Devices," Human-Computer Interaction, Part II, HCII 2007, LNCS 4551, pp.298-305, 2007
4 Sang-Yun Lee and Byung-Uk Choi, "Vector Graphic Reference Implementation for Embedded System," SEUS 2007, LNCS 4761, pp.243-252, 2007
5 Samsung Electronics, STD90 /MDL90 0.35um 3.3V CMOS standard cell library for pure logic/ MDL Products, 2000
6 Ping Tak Peter Tang, 'Table-Driven Implementation of the Logarithm Function in IEEE Floating-Point Arithmetic,' ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software, vol.4, no.16, pp.378-400, Dec. 1990
7 Jean-Michel Muller, Elementary Functions- Algorithms and Implementation, 2nd edition, Birkhauser, 2006
8 Jun Cao, and Belle W.Y. Wei, "High Performance Architectures for Elementary function generation," The 15th Symposium on Computer Arithmetic, pp.136-144, 2001
9 John H. Mathews, Numerical Methods for Computer Science, Engineering, and Mathematics, PH, chap.4, 1987
10 Volder, J.E., "The CORDIC Trigonometric Computing Technique," IEEE Trans. Elec. Comp., vol.EC-9, pp.227-231, 1960