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http://dx.doi.org/10.6109/JKIICE.2009.13.2.233

The Problems in Digital Watermarking into Intra-Frames of H.264/AVC  

Choi, Hyun-Jun (광운대학교 전자재료공학과)
Seo, Young-Ho (광운대학교 교양학부)
Kim, Dong-Wook (광운대학교 전자재료공학과)
Abstract
This paper intend to show the affect of the intra-prediction on the typical digital watermarking method and the fact that the watermarking method has very low effectiveness when it is performed for the intra-frames of H.264. The target watermarking method was the one for imperceptibility and robustness and was assumed to be performed during the intra-compression process by the H.264 technique. Also this method was assumed to insert watermark data and to extract it for certification if needed. The problem is that the resulting data from the re-engineering of the watermark insertion process to extract the watermark data is different from the one before. We experimentally showed that it stems from the intra-prediction itself. That is, we showed that the resulting image data from only compression without watermarking changes if it is re-compressed by the same conditions as the first compression and it is because the intra-prediction modes as well as the coefficient values change. Also, we applied one blind and one semi-blind watermarking methods to show that the typical attacks after watermarking makes this problem much more serious and lowers the effectiveness of the watermarking method dramatically. Therefore we concluded by considering the experimental data that a typical watermarking method which has been researched so far cannot guarantee the effectiveness of intra-frame watermarking and it is highly required to developed a new kind of methodologies.
Keywords
H.264; Digital Watermarking; Intra prediction; Content Security; Copyright Protection;
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