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http://dx.doi.org/10.6109/JKIICE.2009.13.12.2677

A Watermarking Method Based on the Informed Coding and Embedding Using Trellis Code and Entropy Masking  

Lee, Jeong-Hwan (안동대학교 전자정보산업학부)
Publication Information
Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering / v.13, no.12, 2009 , pp. 2677-2684 More about this Journal
Abstract
In this paper, we study a watermarking method based on the informed coding and embedding by means of trellis code and entropy masking. An image is divided as $8{\times}8$ block with no overlapping and the discrete cosine transform(DCT) is applied to each block. Then the 16 medium-frequency AC terms of each block are extracted. Next it is compared with gaussian random vectors having zero mean and unit variance. As these processing, the embedding vectors with minimum value of linear combination between linear correlation and Watson distance can be obtained by Viterbi algorithm at each stage of trellis coding. For considering the image characteristics, we apply different weight value between the linear correlation and the Watson distance using the entropy masking. To evaluate the performance of proposed method, the average bit error rate of watermark message is calculated from different several images. By the experiments the proposed method is improved in terms of the average bit error rate.
Keywords
watermarking; trellis code; informed coding and embedding; entropy masking;
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