Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.7837/kosomes.2022.28.1.039

A Study on Establishment of High-Risk Areas for the Prevention of Piracy Damage  

An, Kwang (Division of Navigation and Information Systems, Mokpo National Maritime University)
Publication Information
Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety / v.28, no.1, 2022 , pp. 39-46 More about this Journal
Abstract
Piracy cases have been increasing globally since 2007. Recently, the waters of West Africa including the Gulf of Guinea, emerged as the most dangerous areas in the world. To prevent piracy damage to ships and crew, the Korean government amended the Piracy Damage Prevention Act on August 17, 2021 to newly define the risk area and the high-risk area for piracy. It also established the legal framework for restricting the entry of ships into such high-risk areas. This study aims to discuss and present a plan for establishing risk areas and high-risk areas for piracy to be noticed by the government in accordance with the amended Act. In this study, international piracy trends, international response measures and the status of international high-risk areas were investigated and analyzed, the matters to be considered to designate high-risk areas were identified. It is expected that the resulting information on high-risk areas for piracy can be utilized not only for the development of government policies on the prevention of piracy, but also as basic academic data.
Keywords
Piracy; Armed Robbery at Sea; West Africa; high-risk area; Gulf of Guinea;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 ICS(2020), International Chamber of Shipping, Piracy in West Africa 2020, Current Issue, Retrieved from https://www.ics-shipping.org on 6 September 2021.
2 IMB(2021), International Maritime Bureau, Piracy and Armed Robbery Against Ships. Report for the Period 1 January - 31 December 2020, January 2021, London.
3 IMO(2021a), Resolution MSC.489(103), Recommended Action to Address Piracy and Armed Robbery in the Gulf of Guinea, adopted on 14 May 2021.
4 IMO(2021d), Piracy and Armed Robbery against Ships, Comments and analysis on the review of the High-Risk Area for piracy in the Indian Ocean Submitted by Kenya, MSC 103/10/2, 9 February 2021
5 KLIC(2021), Korean Law Information Center, Act on the Prevention of Damage to Ships, Etc. on International Voyages from Piracy, Partial Amendment on 17 August 2021, Act No.18427 6503, Retrieved from https://www.law.go.kr on 6 September 2021.
6 NMA(2016), Norwegian Maritime Authority, MarSec Level Norwegian flagged vessels, NIS/NOR Circular no. January 2016.
7 UN(2012a), Security Council Resolution 2039 (2012), S/RES/2039 (2012) Adopted by the Security Council at its 6,727th meeting on 29 February 2012.
8 UN(2016), Security Council S/PRST/2016/4, Statement by the President of the Security Council, 25 April 2016.
9 ICS, BIMCO, IGP&I Clubs, INTERCARGO, INTERTANKO, and OCIMF(2020), Best Management Practices to Deter Piracy and Enhance Maritime Security off the Coast of West Africa including the Gulf of Guinea (BMP West Africa), Version 1, published March 2020.
10 IMO(2009), The Code of Conduct Concerning the Repression of Piracy and Armed Robbery Against Ships in the Western Indian Ocean and the Gulf of Aden, Adopted on 29 January 2009, Retrieved from https://www.imo.org on 9 September 2021.
11 IMO(2010), Piracy and Armed Robbery against Ships in Waters off the Coast of Somalia, Best Management Practices to Deter Piracy in the Gulf of Aden and off the Coast of Somalia developed by the industry (BMP Version 3), MSC.1/Circ.1337, 4 August 2010.
12 IMO(2021b), Report of the Maritime Safety Committee on its 103rd Session, MSC 103/21, 25 May 2021.
13 IMO(2021c), Piracy and Armed Robbery against Ships, Revision of the High Risk Area Submitted by ICS, BIMCO, OCIMF, INTERTANKO and INTERCARGO, MSC 104/8/2, 13 August 2021.
14 MOF(2021), Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, Trend of Global Piracy Incidents in the First Half of 2021, 2021, Retrieved from https://www.mof.go.kr on 6 September 2021.
15 UN(2013), Security Council S/PRST/2013/13, Statement by the President of the Security Council, 14 August 2013.
16 UN(2020), Security Council Resolution 2554 (2020), S/RES/2554 (2554) Adopted by the Security Council on 4 December 2020.
17 UN(1982), United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982, Retrieved from https://www.un.org on 6 September 2021.
18 IMO(2021e), Piracy and Armed Robbery against Ships, Comments on document MSC 103/10/2 and review of BMP5 Submitted by ICS, BIMCO, OCIMF, INTERTANKO and INTERCARGO, MSC 103/10/4, 5 March 2021.
19 Mok, J. Y., Y. S. Choi, and M. S. Kim(2010), Measures to Improve Laws to Prevent Piracy, December 2010, Korea Maritime Institute.
20 UN(2008), Security Council Resolution 1816 (2008), S/RES/1816 (2008) Adopted by the Security Council at its 5,902nd meeting on 2 June 2008.
21 UN(2011), Security Council Resolution 2018 (2011), S/RES/2018 (2011) Adopted by the Security Council at its 6,645th meeting on 31 October 2011.
22 UN(2012b), Security Council S/PRST/2012/24, Statement by the President of the Security Council, 19 November 2012.
23 Baniela, S. I.(2010), Piracy at Sea: Somalia an Area of Great Concern, The Journal of Navigation, Vol. 63, pp. 191-206, The Royal Institute of Navigation.   DOI
24 MOF(2020), Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, Measures to Strengthen the Prevention of Piracy in the West African Waters, July 2020, Retrieved from https://www.mof.go.kr on 6 September 2021.
25 BIMCO, ICS, IFSMA, IGP&I Clubs, INTERTANKO, INTERCARGO, INTERMANAGER, and OCIMF(2018a), Global Counter Piracy Guidance for Companies, Masters and Seafarers, Witherby Publishing Group Ltd., 2018, Scotland, UK.
26 BIMCO, ICS, IGP&I Clubs, INTERTANKO, and OCIMF (2018b), Best Management Practices to Deter Piracy and Enhance Maritime Security in the Red Sea, Gulf of Aden, Indian Ocean and Arabian Sea (BMP 5), Version 5, Witherby Publishing Group Ltd. 2018, Scotland, UK.
27 IBF(2014), International Bargaining Forum, IBF LIST of warlike and high risk designations, with main applicable benefits, as of 1st July 2014.
28 IBF(2020), International Bargaining Forum, IBF LIST of designated risk areas, with applicable benefits, as of 1st November 2020.
29 ICS, BIMCO, Intercargo, IG P&I, INTERTANKO, Intermanager, and OCIMF(2018), Guidelines for Owners, Operators and Masters for protection against piracy in the Gulf of Guinea region, Version 3, June 2018.