Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.7837/kosomes.2018.24.1.078

Distributions of Organic Matter and Heavy Metals in the Surface Sediment of Jaran Bay, Korea  

Hwang, Hyunjin (Marine Environment Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science)
Hwang, Dong-Woon (Marine Environment Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science)
Lee, Garam (Marine Environment Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science)
Kim, Hyung-Chul (Marine Environment Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science)
Kwon, Jung-No (Marine Environment Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science)
Publication Information
Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety / v.24, no.1, 2018 , pp. 78-91 More about this Journal
Abstract
In order to understand the distributions of organic matter and heavy metal concentrations in the surface sediment of Jaran Bay, we measured the grain size, total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), and heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Pb, and Zn) in surface sediments collected at 15 stations in this bay in November 2014. The sediment consisted of finer sediment such as mud and clay, with 8.6-9.8Ø($9.3{\pm}0.3$Ø) of mean grain size. The concentrations of TOC and TN in the sediment ranged from 1.51-2.39 % ($1.74{\pm}0.22%$) and 0.20-0.33 % ($0.23{\pm}0.03%$), respectively, and did not show spatial difference. The carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N ratio) ranged from 5-10, indicating that organic matter in the sediment originated from oceanic sources such as animal by-products from fish and shellfish farms. The concentrations of Cr, Fe, and Mn were much higher in the mouth of the bay than in the inner bay, and the concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn showed an opposite distribution pattern. Based on the results of the sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), enrichment factor (EF), geoaccumulation index ($I_{geo}$), pollutant load index (PLI), and ecological risk index (ERI), the surface sediment in Jaran Bay is not polluted or only slightly polluted with Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn, whereas it is moderately to strongly polluted with As. In particular, some regions in the bay were identified as having a considerable risk status, indicating that metal concentration in the sediment could impact benthic organisms. Thus, the systematic management for marine and land sources of organic matter and heavy metals around Jaran Bay is necessary in order to ensure seafood safety and maintain sustainable production on shellfish farms.
Keywords
Sediment; Total organic carbon; Total nitrogen; Heavy metal; Pollution; Jaran Bay;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 14  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Birth G.(2003), A scheme for assessing hurman impacts on coastal aquatic environments using sediments, In: Proceedings of Coastal GIS 2003. Woodcoffe C. D. and Fumess R. A., eds. Wollongong University Papers in Center for Maritime Policy, Australia, p. 14.
2 Buchman, M. F.(2008), NOAA screening quick reference tables, NOAA OR&R Report 08-1, Office odf response and restoration division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle WA, p. 34.
3 Cho, Y. S., W. C. Lee, J. B. Kim, S. J. Hong, H. C. Kim and C. S. Kim(2013), Establishment of environmental assessment using sediment total organic carbon and macrobenthic polychaete community in shellfish farms, Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety, Vol. 19, No. 5, pp. 430-438.   DOI
4 Choi, J. D., W. G. Jeong and P. H. Kim(1998), Bacteriological study of sea water and oyster in Charan Bay, Korea, Journal of Korean Fisheries of Society, Vol. 31, No. 3, pp. 429-436.
5 Hwang, D. W., I. S. Lee, M. Choi, C. S. Kim and H. C. Kim(2015a), Evaluation of pollution level for organic matter and trace metals in sediments around Taehwa River estuary, Ulsan, Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Vol. 48, No. 4, pp. 542-554.   DOI
6 Hwang, D. W., S. E. Park, P. J. Kim, B. S. Koh and H. G. Choi(2011), Assessment of the pollution levels of organic matter and metallic elements in the intertidal surface sediments of Aphae Island, Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Vol. 44, No. 6, pp. 759-771.   DOI
7 Hwang, D. W., S. O. Ryu, S. G. Kim, O. I. Choi, S. S. Kim and B. S. Koh(2010), Geochemical characteristics of intertidal surface sediments along the southwestern coast of Korea, Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Vol. 43, No. 2, pp. 146-158.   DOI
8 Oh, S. J., H. J. Kim, H. K. Kwon, H. S. Yang and S. Y. Kim(2015), Effect of Nutrients on competition among the harmful dinoflagellates Cochlodinium polykrikoides and the diatom Skeletonema sp. in Jaran Bay using a mathematical model, Journal of the Korean Society of Oceanography, Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 92-101.
9 Ra, K., E. S. Kim, J. K. Kim, K. T. Kim, J. M. Lee and E. Y. Kim(2013b), Distribution and pollution assessment of trace metals in core sediments from the artificial lake Shihwa, Korea, Ocean and Polar Research, Vol. 35, No. 2, pp. 69-83.   DOI
10 Ra, K., E. S. Kim, K. T. Kim, J. K. Kim, J. M. Lee and J. Y. Choi(2013a), Assessment of heavy metal contamination and its ecological risk in the surface sediments along the coast of Korea, Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 65, 105-110.
11 Sheykhi, V. and F. Moore(2013), Evaluation of potentially toxic metals pollution in the sediments of the Kor River, southwest Iran, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, Vol. 185, No. 4, pp. 3219-3232.   DOI
12 Shim, J., M. Ye, J. H. Lim and J. N. Kwon(2014a), Evaluation of simple CO2 budget with environmental monitoring at an oyster Crassostrea gigas farm in Goseong Bay, south coast of Korea in November 2011, Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Vol. 47, No. 6, pp. 1026-1036.   DOI
13 Shim, E. H., H. S. Yun, Y. J. Lee and S. Y. Han(2014b), The characteristic and origin of organic matter in the ODP leg 204 site 1249C and site 1251B, Economic and Environmental Geology, Vol. 47, No. 1, pp.71-85.   DOI
14 Jung, R. H., I. S. Seo, M. Choi, S. R. Park, B. M. Choi, M. H. Kim, Y. J. Kim and J. S. Yun(2014), Community structure and health assessment of macrobenthic assemblages during spring and summer in the shellfish farming ground of Wonmun Bay, on the southern coast of Korea, Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Vol. 47, No. 6, pp. 908-926.   DOI
15 Yuan, H., J. Song, X. Li, N. Li and L. Duan(2012), Distribution and contamination of heavy metals in surface sediments of the South Yellow Sea, Marine Pollution Bulletin, Vol. 64, No. 10, pp. 2151-2159.   DOI
16 Zhang J. and C. L. Liu(2002), Riverine composition and estuarine geochemistry of particulate metals in China-weathering features, anthropogenic impact and chemical fluxes, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, Vol. 54, No. 6, pp. 1051-1070.   DOI
17 Hyun, S., C. H. Lee, T. Lee and J. W. Choi(2007), Anthropogenic contributions to heavy metal distributions in the surface sediments of Masan Bay, Korea, Marine Pollution Bulletin, Vol. 54, No. 7, pp. 1059-1068.   DOI
18 Hyun, S., T. Lee, J. S. Choi, D. L. Choi and H. J. Woo(2003), Geochemical characteristics and heavy metal pollutions in the surface sediments of Gwangyang and Yeosu Bay, south coast of Korea, Journal of the Korean Society of Oceanography, Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 380-391.
19 Hyun, S., W. H. Paeng, T. Lee(2004), Characteristics of surficial sediment and benthic environments based on geochemical data in Gwangyang Bay, Korea, Korean Journal of Environmental Biology, Vol. 22, pp. 93-102.
20 Kim, P. J., S. G. Shon, S. Y. Park, S. S. Kim, S. J. Jang, S. B. Jeon and J. S. Ju(2012), Biogeochemistry of metal and nonmetal elements in the surface sediment of the Gamak Bay, Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 67-83.   DOI
21 Lee, M. K., W. Bae, I. K. Um and H. S. Jung(2004), Characteristics of heavy metal distribution in sediments of Youngil Bay, Korea, Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers, Vol. 26, No. 5, pp. 543-551.
22 Hwang, D. W., H. G. Jin, S. S. Kim, J. D. Kim, J. S. Park and S. G. Kim(2006), Distribution of organic matters and metallic elements in the surface sediments of Masan Harbor, Korea, Journal of the Korean Fisheries of Society, Vol. 39, No. 2, pp. 106-117.
23 Shim, K. B., K. S. Ha, H. D. Yoo, J. H. Kim and T. S. Lee(2009), Evaluation of the bacteriological safety for the shellfish growing area in Jaranman.Saryangdo area, Korea, Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Vol. 42, No. 5, pp. 442-448.   DOI
24 Gao, S. and M. Collins(1992), Net sediment transport patterns inferred from grain-size trends, based upon definition of transport vectors, Sediment Geology, Vol. 81, No. 1-2, pp. 47-60.
25 Ghani, S. A., G. E. Zokm, A. Shobier, T. Othman and M. Shreadah(2013), Metal pollution in surface sediments of Abu-Qir Bay and eastern Harbour of Alexandria, Egypt, The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research, Vol. 39, No. 1, pp. 1-12.   DOI
26 GNDI(2012), Strategy for enhancement of shellfish farming in Gyungnam province. Gyung Nam Development Institute (GNDI), pp. 1-8.
27 Hakanson, L.(1980), An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control: a sedimentological approach, Water Research, Vol. 14, No. 8, pp. 975-1001.   DOI
28 Harman, H. N.(1967), Modern factor analysis, 2nd ed. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, p. 469.
29 Horowitz, A. J.(1991), A primer on sediment-trace element chemistry, 2nd ed. Lewis Publishers Inc., Michigan, p. 136.
30 Hwang, D. W. and S. G. Kim(2011), Evaluation of heavy metal contamination in intertidal surface sediments of coastal islands in the western part of Jeollanam Province using geochemical assessment techniques, Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Vol. 44, No. 6, pp. 772-784.   DOI
31 Hwang, D. W., I. S. Lee, M. Choi and J. H. Shim(2015b), Distribution of organic matter and trace metal concentrations in surface sediments around the Hansan-Geoje Bay, Journal of Korean Society for Environment Analysis, Vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 131-143.
32 Muller, G.(1979), Schwermetalle in den sedimenten des Rheins-Veranderungen Seit 1971, Umschau, Vol. 79, pp. 778-783.
33 Choi, M., I. S. Lee, D. W. Hwang, H. C. Kim, S. P. Yoon, S. Yun, C. S. Kim and I. S. Seo(2017), Organic enrichment and pollution in surface sediments from Jinhae and Geoje-Hansan Bays with dense oyster farms, Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Vol. 50, No. 6, pp. 777-787.   DOI
34 Choi, M., I. S. Lee, H. C. Kim and D. W. Hwang(2015b), Distribution and contamination status of trace metals in surface sediments of shellfish farming areas in Yeoja and Gangjin Bays, Korea, Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Vol. 48, No. 5, pp. 789-797.   DOI
35 Lim, D. I., J. W. Choi, H. H. Shin, D. H. Jeong and H. S. Jung(2013), Toxicological impact assessment of heavy metal contamination on macrobenthic communities in southern coastal sediments of Korea, Marine Pollution Bulletin, Vol. 73, No. 1, pp. 362-368.   DOI
36 Meyers, P. A.(1994), Preservation of elemental and isotopic source identification of sedimentary organic matter, Chemical Geology, Vol. 114, No. 3-4, pp. 289-302.   DOI
37 Meyers, P. A., J. E. Silliman and T. J. Shaw(1996), Effects of turbidity flows on organic matter accumulation, sulfate reduction, and methane generation in deep-sea sediments on the Iberia Abyssal Plain, Organic Geochemistry, Vol. 25, No. 1-2, pp. 69-78.   DOI
38 Muller, G.(1981), Die schwermetallbelastung der sedimente des Neckars und seiner Nebenflusse Eine Bestandasufnahme, Chemiker Zeitung, Vol. 105, No. 6, pp. 157-164.
39 NFRDI(2012), Standard manual of Pacific oyster hanging culture, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute (NFRDI), Report No. ED-2012-AQ-001, Busan, p. 203.
40 Kang, C. K., P. Y. Lee, J. S. Park and P. J. Kim(1993), On the distribution of organic matter in the nearshore surface sediment of Korea, Bulletin of the Korean Fisheries Society, Vol. 26, No. 6, pp. 557-566.
41 Sun, C. I., Y. J. Lee, J. H. An and Y. W. Lee(2014), Speciation and ecological risk assessment of trace metals in surface sediments of the Masan Bay, Journal of the Korean Society of Oceanography, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 155-163.
42 Soares, H. M. V. M., R. A. R. Boaventura, A. A. S. C. Machado and J. C. G. Esteves da Silva(1999), Sediment as monitors of heavy metal contamination in Ave River basin(Portugal): multivariate analysis of data, Environmental Pollution, Vol. 105, No. 3, pp. 311-323.   DOI
43 Stein, R.(1990), Organic carbon content/sedimentation rate relationship and its paleoenvironmental significance for marine sediments, Geo-Marine Letters, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 37-44.   DOI
44 Summerhayes, C. P.(1972), Geochemistry of continental margin sediments from northwest Africa, Chemical Geology, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 137-156.   DOI
45 Taylor, S. R.(1964), Abundance of chemical elements in the continental crust: A new table, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 28, No. 8, pp. 1273-1285.   DOI
46 Taylor, S. R. and S. M. McLennan(1995), The geochemical evolution of the continental crust, Reviews of Geophysics, Vol. 33, No. 2, pp. 241-265.   DOI
47 Tomlinson, D. L., J. G. Wilson, C. R. Harris and D. W. Jeffrey(1980), Problems in the assessment of heavy-metal levels in estuaries and the formation of a pollution index, Helgolander Meeresuntersuchungen, Vol. 33, pp. 566-575.   DOI
48 Woo, H. J., J. H. Cho and J. U. Choi(2007), Characteristics of heavy metals and benthic foraminifera on surface sediments in Masan Bay and Gadeog Channel, Korea, Ocean and Polar Research, Vol. 29, No. 3, pp. 233-244.   DOI
49 Cranford P. J., B. T. Hargrave and L. I. Doucette(2009), Benthic organic enrichment from suspended mussel (Mytilus edulis) culture in Prince Edward Island, Canada, Aquaculture, Vol. 292, pp. 189-196.   DOI
50 Choi, T. J., J. N. Kwon, G. Lee, H. Hwang, Y. Kim and J. H. Lim(2015a), Distribution and pollution assessment of trace metals in the surface sediments around farming area of Jinhae Bay, Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety, Vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 347-360.   DOI
51 Croteau, M., S. N. Louma and A. R. Stewart(2005), Trophic transfer of metals along freshwater food webs: evidence of cadmium biomagnifications in nature, Limnology and Oceanography, Vol. 50, No.5, pp. 1511-1519.   DOI
52 Fang, T. H. and E. Hong(1999), Mechanisms influencing the spatial distribution of trace metals in surficial sediments off the south-western Taiwan, Marine Pollution Bulletin, Vol. 38, No. 11, pp. 1026-1037.   DOI
53 Folk, R. L.(1968), Petrology of sedimentary rock, Hemphill's, Drawer M. University Station, p.170.
54 Folk, R. L. and W. C. Ward(1957), Brazos river bar: A study in the significance of grain size parameters, Journal of Sedimentary Research, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp. 3-26.   DOI
55 Noh, I. H., Y. H. Yoon, D. I. Kim and J. S. Park(2006), The spatio-temporal distribution of organic matter on the surface sediment and its origin in Gamak Bay, Korea, Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environmental Engineering, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 1-13.