Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.7837/kosomes.2016.22.5.483

Viability Test and Bulk Harvest of Marine Phytoplankton Communities to Verify the Efficacy of a Ship's Ballast Water Management System Based on USCG Phase II  

Hyun, Bonggil (Ballast Water Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology)
Baek, Seung Ho (South Sea Institute, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology)
Lee, Woo Jin (Ballast Water Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology)
Shin, Kyoungsoon (Ballast Water Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology)
Publication Information
Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety / v.22, no.5, 2016 , pp. 483-489 More about this Journal
Abstract
The type approval test for USCG Phase II must be satisfied such that living natural biota occupy more than 75 % of whole biota in a test tank. Thus, we harvested a community of natural organisms using a net at Masan Bay (eutrophic) and Jangmok Bay (mesotrophic) during winter season to meet this guideline. Furthermore, cell viability was measured to determine the mortality rate. Based on the organism concentration volume (1 ton) at Masan and Jangmok Bay, abundance of ${\geq}10$ and $<50{\mu}m$ sized organisms was observed to be $4.7{\times}10^4cells\;mL^{-1}$and $0.8{\times}10^4cells\;mL^{-1}$, and their survival rates were 90.4 % and 88.0 %, respectively. In particular, chain-forming small diatoms such as Skeletonema costatum-like species were abundant at Jangmok Bay, while small flagellate ($<10{\mu}m$) and non chain-forming large dinoflagellates, such as Akashiwo sanguinea and Heterocapsa triquetra, were abundant at Masan Bay. Due to the size-difference of the dominant species, concentration efficiency was higher at Jangmok Bay than at Masan Bay. The mortality rate in samples treated by Ballast Water Treatment System (BWMS) (Day 0) was a little lower for samples from Jangmok Bay than from Masan Bay, with values of 90.4% and 93%, respectively. After 5 days, the mortality rates in control and treatment group were found to be 6.7% and >99%, respectively. Consequently, the phytoplankton concentration method alone did not easily satisfy the type approval standards of USCG Phase II ($>1.0{\times}10^3cells\;mL^{-1}$ in 500-ton tank) during winter season, and alternative options such as mass culture and/or harvesting system using natural phytoplankton communities may be helpful in meeting USCG Phase II biological criteria.
Keywords
Ballast water; Ballast Water Management System; Living natural biota; ${\geq}10$ and $<50{\mu}m$ sized organisms; USCG Phase II;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 3  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Baek, S. H. and K. Shin(2015), A staining method to determine marine microplanktonic organism viability and investigate the efficacy of a ship's ballast water treatment system, Journal of Korea Academia Industrial Cooperation Society, Vol. 16, pp. 4328-4334.   DOI
2 Garvey, M., B. Moriceau and U. Passow(2007), Applicability of the FDA assay to determine the viability of marine phytoplankton under different environmental conditions, Marine Ecological Progress Series, Vol. 352, pp. 17-26.   DOI
3 Hyun, B., K. Shin, H. C. Chung, S. -Y. Choi, M. -C. Jang, W. -J. Lee and K. -H. Choi(2014), Application of Neutral Red Staining Method to Distinguishing Live and Dead Marine Plankton for the Investigation of Efficacy of Ship's Ballast Water Treatment System, Journal of the Korean Society of Oceanography, Vol. 19(4), pp. 223-231.
4 IMO(2001), Report on the ballast water treatment standards workshop, In 1st International ballast water treatment standards workshop, IMO London, pp. 28-30 March, http://globallast.Imo.org/workshopreport.htm, 2001.
5 Kang, J. H., B. -G. Hyun and K. Shin(2010), Phytoplankton viability in ballast water from international commercial ships berthed at ports in Korea, Marine Pollution Bulltin Mar. Pollut. Bulletin, Vol. 60, pp. 230-237.   DOI
6 Kim, E. -C.(2012), Consideration on the Ballast Water Treatment System Technology and its Development Strategies, Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environmental Engineering, Vol. 15(4), pp. 349-356.   DOI
7 Miller, A. W., M. Frazier, G. E. Smith, E. S. Perry, G. M. Ruiz and M. N. Tamburri(2011), Enumerating sparse organisms in ships' ballast water: Why counting to 10 is not so easy, Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 45, pp. 3539-3546.   DOI
8 Tang, Y. Z. and F. C. Dobbs(2007), Green autofluorescence in dionflagellates, diatoms, and other microalgae and its implications for vital staining and morphological studies. Applied Environmental Microbiology, Vol. 73, pp. 2306-2313.   DOI