Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.4217/OPR.2012.34.1.073

Change of Temperature using the Twentieth Century Reanalysis Data (20CR) on Antarctica  

Zo, Il-Sung (Department of Atmospheric & Environmental Sciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University)
Jee, Joon-Bum (Applied Meteorology Research Division, National Institute of Meteorological Research)
Lee, Kyu-Tae (Department of Atmospheric & Environmental Sciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University)
Chae, Na-My (Korea Polar Research Institute, KORDI)
Yoon, Young-Jun (Korea Polar Research Institute, KORDI)
Publication Information
Ocean and Polar Research / v.34, no.1, 2012 , pp. 73-83 More about this Journal
Abstract
Antarctica is very sensitive to climate change but the number of stations is not sufficient to accurately analyze climate change in this regoin. Model reanalysis data supplements the lack of observation and can be used as long term data to verify climate change. In this study, the 20CR (Twentieth Century Reanalysis) Project data from NCEP/NCAR and monthly mean data (temperature, solar radiation and longwave radiation) from 1871 to 2008, was used to analyze the temperature trend and change in radiation. The 20CR data was used to validate the observation data from Antarctica since 1950 and the correlation coefficients between these data were determined to be over 0.95 at all stations. The temperature increased by approximately $0.23^{\circ}C$/decade during the study period and over $0.20^{\circ}C$/decade over all of the months. This increasing trend was observed throughout the Antarctica and a slight increase was observed in the Antarctic Peninsula. In addition, solar radiation (surface) and longwave radiation (surface and top of atmosphere) trends correlated with the increase in temperature. As a result, outgoing longwave radiation at the surface is attenuated by atmospheric water vapor or clouds and radiation at the top of the atmosphere was reduced. In addition, the absorbed energy in the atmosphere increases the temperature of the atmosphere and surface, and then the heated surface emits more longwave radiation. Eventually these processes are repeated in a positive feedback loop, which results in a continuous rise in temperature.
Keywords
climate change of antarctica; 20CR NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data; temperature; solar radiation; longwave radiation;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Saha S, Nadiga S, Thiaw C, Wang J, Wang W, Zhang Q, van den Dool HM, Pan HL, Moorthi S, Behringer D, Stokes D, Peña M, Lord S, White G, Ebisuzaki W, Peng P, Xie P (2006) The NCEP climate forecast system. J Climate 19:3483-3517   DOI   ScienceOn
2 Solomon S, Qin D, Manning M, Chen Z, Marquis M, Averyt KB, Tiger M, Miller HL (2007) Contribution of working group I to the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambtidge University, Cambridge and New York, 996 p
3 Steig EJ, Schneider DP, Rutherford SD, Mann ME, Comiso JC, Shindell DT (2009) Warming of the Antarctic icesheet surface since the 1957 international geophysical year. Nature 457(22):459-463   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Studinger M, Bromwich D, Csatho B, Muench R, Parish T, Stith J (2005) Science opportunities for a Long-Range Antarctic research aircraft. EOS Trans 86(4):39-40. doi:10.1029/2005EO040004
5 homas R, Rignot E, Casassa G, Kanagaratnam P, Acuña C, Akins T, Brecher H, Frederick E, Gogineni P, Krabill W, Manizade S, Ramamoorthy H, Rivera A, Russell R, Sonntag J, Swift R, Yungel J, Zwally J (2004) Accelerated sea-level rise from West Antartica. Science 306:255-258   DOI   ScienceOn
6 Trenberth KE, Jones PD, Ambenje PG, Bojariu R, Easterling DR, Klein Tank AMG, Parker DE, Renwick JA (2007) Observations: surface and atmospheric climate change. In: Solomon S, Qin D, Manning M, Chen Z, Marquis M, Averyt KB, Tignor M, Miller HL (eds) Climate change 2007: the physical science basis. contribution of working group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 235-336
7 Turner J, Colwell SR, Marshall GJ, Lachlan-Cope TA, Carleton AM, Jones PD, Lagun V, Reid PA, Iagovkina S (2005) Antarctic Climate Change during the Last 50 Years. Int J Climatol 25:279-294   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Vaughan DG, Marshall GJ, Connolley WM, Parkinson CL, Mulvaney R, Hodgson DA, King JC, Pudsey CJ, Turner J (2003) Recent rapid regional climate warming on the Antarctic Peninsula. Climatic Change 60:243-274   DOI   ScienceOn
9 Velicogna I, Wahr J (2006) Measurement of time variable gravity show mass loss in Antarctica. Science 311(5768): 1754-1756. doi:10.1126/science.1123785   DOI   ScienceOn
10 Bromwich DH, Fogt RL (2004) Strong trends in the skill of the ERA-40 and NCEP-NCAR reanalyses in the high and midlatitudes of the Southern Hemisphere, 1958-2001. J Climate 17:4603-4619   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Meredith MP, King JC (2005) Rapid climate change in the ocean west of the Antarctic Peninsula during the second half of the 20th century. Geophys Res Lett 32:L19604. doi:10.1029/2005GL024042   DOI   ScienceOn
12 Carril AF, Menéendez CG, Navarra A (2005) Climate response associated with the Southern Annular Mode in the surroundings of Antarctic Peninsula: a multi-model ensemble analysis. Geophys Res Lett 32:L16713. doi:10.1029/2005GL023581   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Compo GP, Whitaker JS, Sardeshmukh PD, Matsui N, Allan RJ, Yin X, Gleason BE, Vose JRS, Rutledge G, Bessemoulin P, Brönnimann S, Brunet M, Crouthame RI, Grant AN, Groisman PY, Jones PD, Kruk MC, Kruger AC, Marshall GJ, Maugeri M, Mok HY, Nordli, Ross TF, Trigo RM, Wang XL, Woodruff SD, Worley SJ (2011) Review article the twentieth century reanalysis project. Q J Roy Meteorol Soc 137:1-28
14 Kanamitsu M, Alpert JC, Campana KA, Caplan PM, Deaven DG, Iredell M, Katz B, Pan HL, Sela J, White GH (1991) Recent changes implemented into the global forecast system at NMC. Weather Forecast 6:425-435
15 Monaghan AJ, Bromwich DH, Wnag SH (2006) Rcent trend in Antarctic snow accumulation from polar MM5 simulations. Philos T R Soc Lond S-A 364:1683-1708   DOI   ScienceOn
16 Moorthi S, Pan HL, Caplan P (2001) Changes to the 2001 NCEP operational MRF/AVN global analysis/forecast system. NOAA, USA, 26 p
17 Parkinson CL (2002) Trenss in the length of the southern ocean sea ice season, 1979-1999. Ann Glaciol 34:435- 440   DOI
18 Qinghua D, Steig EJ, Battisti DS, Küttel M (2011) Winter warming in West Antarctica caused by central tropical Pacific warming. Nat Geosci 4:398-403   DOI
19 Ramillien G, Lombard A, Cazenave A, Ivins ER, Llubes M, Remy F, Biancale R (2006) Interannual variations of the mass balance of the Antarctica and Greenland ice sheets from GRACE. Global Planet Change 53(3):198-208   DOI   ScienceOn
20 한국해양연구원 부설 극지연구소 (2009) 대륙기지 활용 정책 기획연구 보고서. 한국해양연구원 부설 극지연구소, BSPE 08150-102-7, 305 p