Development of a Phlegm Pattern Questionnaire for Functional Dyspepsia and Analysis of Its Reliability and Validity
![]() |
Baek, So-young
(Dept. of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University)
Ha, Na-yeon (Dept. of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University) Ko, Seok-jae (Dept. of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University) Park, Jae-woo (Dept. of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University) Kim, Jin-sung (Dept. of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University) |
1 | World Health Organiztion. Western Pacific Region. WHO international Standard Terminologies on Traditional Medicine in the Western Pacific region. 13. 2007. |
2 | Smith F. Research Methods in Pharmacy Practice. London: Pharmaceutical Press; 2002, p. 43-84. |
3 | Knapp TR. Coefficient alpha: Conceptualizations and anomalies. Research In Nursing & Health 1990;14(6):457-80. DOI |
4 | Hylley SB, Cummings SR, Browner WS, Grady DG, Newman TB. Designing Clinical Research 4th edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2013, p. 47-8. |
5 | Muller MP, Tomlinson G, Marrie TJ, Tang P, McGeer A, Low DE, et al. Can Routine laboratory tests discriminate between severe acute respiratory syndrome and other causes of community-acquired pneumonia? Clin Infect Dis 2005;40(8):1079-86. DOI |
6 | Oh JH, Kwon JG. Functional dyspepsia. Korean J Gastroenterol 2019;73(2):77-83. DOI |
7 | Committee of Digestive Diesease, National Korean Medicine College. Gastroenterology. Seoul: Koonja; 2008, p. 348. |
8 | Chang IK, Park DW, Ryu BH, Lee IS. Result of researching cause of disease, condition of an illness treatment about phlegm retention disease. J Korean Med 1986;7(1):160-9. |
9 | Kim H. Development of International Versions of Pattern Identification Questionnaires using Cross-cultural Translation Methodology:Seven Emotions, Fatigue and Malaise, Phelgm, Food Retension, and Blood Stasis. J Korea Instit Orient Med Diagn 2018;22(1):33-44. |
10 | Park JS, Yang DH, Kim MY, Lee SC, Park YJ. Development of Questionnire for Damum Patternization. J Korea Instit Orient Med Diagn 2006;10(1):64-77. |
11 | Kim SK, Park YB. Development of Questionnaire for Cold-Heat Patternization. J Korea Instit Orient Med Diagn 2003;7(1):64-75. |
12 | Lee BH, Kim MY, Park YB, Park YJ. Development of a valid and reliable seven emotions impairment questionnaire and assessment of its predictability for phlegm and blood stasis. J Tradit Chin Med 2016;36(4):547-54. DOI |
13 | Yoon KJ, Park YB, Park YJ, Kim MY. Development and Validation of A Lao Juan Questionnaire. Chin J Integr Med 2015;21(7):500-6. DOI |
14 | Park YJ, Cho SW, Lee BH, Park YB. Development and Validation of the Yin Deficiency Scale. J Altern Complement Med 2013;19(1):50-6. DOI |
15 | Park YJ, Yang DH, Lee JM, Park YB. Development of a valid and reliable blood stasis questionnaire and its relationship to heart rate variability. Complement Ther Med 2013;21(6):633-40. DOI |
16 | Park JS, Yang DH, Kim MY, Lee SC, Park YJ. Development of Questionnaire for Damum Patternization. J Korea Instit Orient Med Diagn 2006;10(1):64-77. |
17 | Park YJ, Lim JS, Park YB. Development of a valid and reliable food retention questionnaire. Eur J Integr Med 2013;5(5):432-7. DOI |
18 | Oh HW, Lee JW, Kim JS, Song EY, Shin SW, Han GJ, et al. Study on the Development of a Standard Instrument of Diagnosis and Assessment for Spleen Qi Deficiency Pattern. J Korean Med 2014;35(1):157-70. DOI |
19 | Han G, Kim J, Park JW, Ryu B. Pattern Identification of 97 Functional Dyspepsia Patients and the Characteristics of Each Pattern Type. J Korean Oriental Med 2011;32(2):42-62. |
20 | Lee JH, Park JW, Ko SJ, Kim JS. Development and validation of a new pattern identification scale for Stomach Qi Deficiency. Eur J Integr Med 2018;17:56-63. DOI |
21 | Park YJ, Park JS, Kim MY, Park YB. Development of a Valid and Reliable Phlegm Pattern Questionnaire. J Altern Complement Med 2011;17(9):851-8. DOI |
22 | Kim JH, Kim JY, Kim JS, Kim KH. Reliability and Validity Analysis of a Standard Instrument of Diagnosis and Assessment for Spleen Qi Deficiency Pattern in Chronic Dyspepsia Patients. J Korean Med 2015;36(3):23-34. DOI |
23 | Talley NJ, Haque M, Wyeth JW, Stace NH, Tytgat GN, Stanghellini V, et al. Development of a new dyspepsia impact scale: the Nepean Dyspepsia Index. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1999;13(2):225-35. DOI |
24 | Lee SY, Choi SC, Cho YK, Choi MG. Validation of the Nepean Dyspepsia Index-Korean version. Kor J Neurogastroenterol Mot 2003;9(suppl):48S. |
25 | Lee EH, Hahm KB, Lee JH, Park JJ, Lee DH, Kim SK, et al. Development and validation of a Functional Dyspepsia-Related Quality of Life (FD-QOL) scale in South Korea. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2004;21(1):268-74. DOI |
26 | Cremonini F, Talley NJ. Review article: the overlap between functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome - a tale of one or two disorders? Alment Pharmacol Ther 2004;20(7):40-9. DOI |
27 | Quigley EMM, Lacy BE. Overlap of functional dyspepsia and GERD-diagnostic and treatment implications. Nature Reviews. Gastroenterology & Hepatology 2013;10(3):175-86. |
28 | Malt EA, Berle JE, Olafsson S, Lund A, Ursin H. Fibromyalgia is associated with panic disorder and functional dyspepsia with mood disorders: A study of women with random sample population controls. J Psychosom Res 2000;49(5):285-9. DOI |
29 | Chang L. The association of functional gastrointestinal disorders and fibromyalgia. Eur J Surg 1998;583:32-36. DOI |
![]() |