Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5658/WOOD.2021.49.2.154

A Fundamental Study of the Silla Shield through the Analysis of the Shape, Dating, and Species Identification of Wooden Shields Excavated from the Ruins of Wolseong Moat in Gyeongju  

NAM, Tae-Gwang (Curatorial Affairs Division, Gyeongju National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage)
KIM, Hun-Suk (Curatorial Affairs Division, Gyeongju National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage)
Publication Information
Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology / v.49, no.2, 2021 , pp. 154-168 More about this Journal
Abstract
Various types of wooden relics are being unearthed following the full-scale excavation in Wolseong palace site, Gyeongju in Korea. In particular, a large number of relics were found in the moat surrounding the Wolseong Fortress. This study attempted to secure basic data on the shields of the Silla era through species identification, radiocarbon dating, and shape analysis of the two wooden shields excavated from the Wolseong moat. As a result of the radiocarbon dating, it was confirmed that the shields were made of wood procured in the period between the mid-4th century and the early 5th century. The species identification confirmed that the body of the relic was made with Pinus soft pine group and the handle with Zelkova serrata. It was also confirmed that the excavated wooden shield was made by first marking a thin line on a flat grain board, then marking double concentric circles and perforating small holes. The distance between the division lines is constant at about 6cm, and spaces between them are colored in red and black. The shape analysis estimated that two artifacts were more than 50cm and 36cm in width, respectively.
Keywords
wooden shield; radiocarbon dating; wood identification; wolseong; moat; silla;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 2  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Lee, P.W. 1997. Wood Properties and Uses of the Tree Species Grown in Korea I & II. Seoul University Press, Seoul, Korea.
2 Lee, S.H. 2015. The Changing Nature of Three Kingdoms Period Shields and Arms of the Korean Peninsula. Hanguk Kogo-Hakbo. Journal of the Korean Archaeological Society 97: 170-207.
3 Nam, T.G. 2018. A Study on Wooden Artifacts Excavated from Wolseong, Gyeongju. In: Gyeongju National Research Ins. of Cultural Heritage. The Research of Paleoenvironment Reconstruction at Wolseong, pp. 205-212.
4 Nam, T.G., Hong, K.H., Lee, J.H. 2017. Radiocarbon Dating of a Wooden Board from Mado Shipwreck No. 4 Using Wiggle Matching. Journal of Conservation Science 33(4): 275-281.   DOI
5 Nam, T.G., Kim, T.J., Moon, H.S. 2015. Radiocarbon Dating of a Wooden Board from Yeongheung-do Shipwreck Using Wiggle Matching of Decennial Tree-Ring Samples. Journal of the Korean Conservation Science 31(3): 279-285.   DOI
6 Nam, T.G., Yoon, Y.H., Kim, E.H. 2018. Species Identification and Radiocarbon Dating for the Wooden Board from Daebudo Shipwreck No.2 Using Wiggle Matching. Journal of Conservation Science 34(5): 359-368.   DOI
7 National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage, Seoul Baekje Museum. 2018. The Replicas of Goguryeo Tomb Murals in North Korea. Daejeon, Korea.
8 Park, J.H., Oh, J.E., Hwang, I.S., Jang, H.U., Choi, J.W., Kim, S.C. 2018. Study on Species Identification for Pungnammun Gate (Treasure 308) in Jeonju, Korea. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 46(3): 278-284.   DOI
9 Park, J.J., Choi, M.J. 2017. The Periodic Process of the Wolseong palace and surroundings: Focused on the excavation results of moats of the wolseong palace, Archaeology. Journal of the Jungbu Archaeology Society 16(3): 5-38.
10 Park, S.J., Lee, W.Y., Lee, W.H. 1987. Timber organization and identification. Hyangmunsa, Seoul, Korea.
11 Park, W.K., Lee, K.H. 2007. Changes in the Species of Woods Used for Korean Ancient and Historic Architectures. Journal of Achitectural History 16(1): 9-28.
12 Pearson, C. 1988. Conservation of Marine Archaeological Objects. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, UK. pp. 55-67.
13 Pena-Monne, J.L, Rubio-Fernandez, V., Gonzalez-Perez, J.R., Rodanes, J.V., Picazo, J., Medina, J., Vazquez, M.P., Sampietro-Vattuone, M.M., Perez-Lamban, F. 2014. Geoarchaeology of defensive moats: its importance for site localization, evolution and formation process reconstruction of archaeological sites in NE Spain. Journal of Archaeological Science 50: 383-393.   DOI
14 Ann, S.H. 2019. A study on the ancient landscape reconstruction using the plant remains from the moat of Wolseong Place site, Gyeongju. Hanguk Sanggosa Hakbo. Journal of Korean Ancient Historical Society 105: 199-228.
15 Bronk Ramsey, C. 1995. Radiocarbon calibration and analysis of stratigraphy: The OxCal program. Radiocarbon 37(2): 425-430.   DOI
16 Cho, S.M., Son, B.H., Jeong, A.R., Kwon, J.H. 2019. A Study on Preferred Wood Species Depending on the Use Of Wooden Objects Excavated from Haman Seongsansansung Mountain Fortress. Journal of Conservation Science 35(6): 670-680.   DOI
17 Eom, Y.J., Park, B.D. 2018, Wood Species Identification of Documentary Woodblocks of Songok Clan of the Milseong Park, Gyeongju, Korea. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 46(3): 270-277.   DOI
18 Foundation of Silla Cultural Heritage Research Institute. 2018. The Silla Urban Site South of Hwangnyongsa in Gyeongju. Research Report of Antoquities Vol. 94. Gyeongju, Korea.
19 Hwang, I.S., Park, J.H., Kim, S.C. 2018. A study on the optical characteristics according to the lacquer drying conditions for the conservation of lacquerwares. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 46(56): 610-621.   DOI
20 Gyeongju National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage. 2010. Basic Research Report of Wolseong, Gyeongju I. Research Report Vol. 59. Gyeongju, Korea.
21 Hwang, S.W., Tazuru, S., Sugiyama, J. 2020. Wood Identification of Historical Architecture in Korea by Synchrotron X-ray Microtomography-Based Three-Dimensional Microstructural Imaging. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 48(3): 283-29   DOI
22 Jung, Y.J., Park, J.S., Sim, W.K. 2010. Consideration on the Moat of Wolseong Fortress at Gyuongju. Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture 28(2): 37-44.
23 Lee, B.H. 2007. Species of the Archaeological Woods Excavated in Gyeongju, the Capital of Silla Dynasty. Master thesis, Chungbuk National University, Korea.
24 Lee, K.H., Han, G.S. 2018, Interpretation of Wood Processing Method by Tool Trace Analysis for Wooden Artifacts Excavated from Imdang-dong Site, Gyeongsan, Korea. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 46(3): 260-269.   DOI
25 Lee, K.H., Kim, D.Y. 2015, Preservation and Identification for Wooden Ship Timber of Bonghwang-Dong, Gimhae, Korea. Journal of Conservation Science 31(4): 341-350.   DOI
26 Lee, K.H., Kim, S.C. 2018. Wiggle Matched Radiocarbon Dates of Wooden Warehouses Excavated at the Bongseon-ri Site in Seocheon, Korea. Journal of Conservation Science 34(1): 31-37.   DOI
27 Richter, H.G., Grosser, D., Heinz, I., Gasson, P.E. 2004. IAWA List of Microscopic Features for Softwood Identification. IAWA Journal 25(1): 1-70.   DOI
28 Lee, K.H., Seo, J.W., Han, G.S. 2018. Dating Wooden Artifacts Excavated at Imdang-dong Site, Gyeongsan, Korea and Interpreting the Paleoenvironment according to the Wood Identification. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 46(3): 241-252.   DOI
29 Kwon, O.G., Kim, N.H., Kim, J.S., Seo, J.W., Chung, Y.J. 2020. Wood Anatomy. The Wood Society of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
30 Reimer, P., Austin, W., Bard, E., Bayliss, A., Blackwell, P., Bronk Ramsey, C., Butzin, M., Cheng, H., Edwards, R., Friedrich, M., Grootes, P., Guilderson, T., Hajdas, I., Heaton, T., Hogg, A., Hughen, K., Kromer, B., Manning, S., Muscheler, R., Palmer, J., Pearson, C., van der Plicht, J., Reimer, R., Richards, D., Scott, E., Southon, J., Turney, C., Wacker, L., Adolphi, F., Buntgen, U., Capano, M., Fahrni, S., Fogtmann-Schulz, A., Friedrich, R., Kohler, P., Kudsk, S., Miyake, F., Olsen, J., Reinig, F., Sakamoto, M., Sookdeo, A., Talamo, S. 2020. The IntCal 20 Northern Hemisphere radiocarbon age calibration curve (0-55 cal kBP). Radiocarbon 62(4): 725-757.   DOI
31 Rodgers, B.A. 2004. The archaeologist's manual for conservation. Springer Science + Business Media, New York, USA. pp. 33-67.
32 Lee, K.H., Lee, U.C., Kang, P.W., Kim, S.C. 2021, Analysis and Tree-Ring Dating of Wooden Coffins Excavated from Incheon Sipjeong-Dong Site. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 49(1): 67-81.   DOI
33 Seo, J.H., 2008, Conservation methodology for cultural heritage. Kyunginmunhwasa, Seoul, pp. 81-139.
34 Wheeler, E., Baas, P., Gasson, P.E. 1989. IAWA List of Microscopic Features for Hardwood Identification. IAWA bulletin n.s. 10(3): 219-332.   DOI
35 Yeongnam Institute of Cultural Properties. 2014. The ancient wetland site at Yimdang-dong, Gyeongsan (Wooden artifacts). Research Report of Antiquities Vol. 212. Daegu, Korea.
36 Yi, Y.H. 1997. Conservation of waterlogged wooden finds excavated in wet-site. Journal of Conservation Science 6(2): 126-140.
37 Zhuang, Y.J., Zhang, H., Fang, Y.M., Wang, H. 2017. Life cycle of a moat: a detailed micromorphological examination and broader geoarchaeological survey at the late Neolithic Wadian site, Central China. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 12: 699-711.   DOI
38 Lee, P.W. 1994. The Structure of Wood in Korea. Jungminsa, Seoul, Korea.