Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5658/WOOD.2020.48.4.458

Specific Gravity and Dimensional Stability of Boron-Densified Wood on Three Lesser-Used Species from Indonesia  

AUGUSTINA, Sarah (Forest Products Science and Technology Study Program, IPB University)
WAHYUDI, Imam (Forest Product Department, Faculty of Forestry, IPB University)
DARMAWAN, I Wayan (Forest Product Department, Faculty of Forestry, IPB University)
MALIK, Jamaludin (Forest Products Research and Development Agency (FORDA))
BASRI, Efrida (Forest Products Research and Development Agency (FORDA))
KOJIMA, Yoichi (Wood Biomass Utilization Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University)
Publication Information
Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology / v.48, no.4, 2020 , pp. 458-471 More about this Journal
Abstract
Effect of pre-treatment and compression ratio on specific gravity (SG) and dimensional stability improvement of three lesser-used wood species from natural forest area of North Kalimantan Province, Indonesia had been investigated. Hot soaking at 80℃ for 3 hours within 2 and 5% of boron solution was applied as pre-treatment, while compression ratio applied was 20 and 40% from the initial thickness. Densification was conducted using hot pressing machine at 30 kg/㎠ of pressure and 160℃ of temperature for 15 minutes. Specific gravity was measured gravimetrically, while dimensional stability was evaluated through thickness swelling and water absorption as the indicator. Results show that SG of densified wood was influenced by wood species and compression ratio, but not by pre-treatment applied; while dimensional stability was influenced by wood species, compression ratio, and pre-treatment. Specific gravity and water absorption of densified wood was improved significantly. Specific gravity increased 28.86-63.03%, while water absorption decreased 12.80-15.89%. Thickness swelling of 20% densified wood was lower than that of 40% densified wood.
Keywords
boron; compression ratio; densification; dimensional stability; lesser-used wood species; specific gravity;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 16  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Furuta, Y., Aizawa, H., Yano, H., Norimoto, M. 1997. Thermal-softening properties of water-swollen wood: IV. Effects of chemical constituents of the cell wall on the thermal-softening properties of wood. Mokuzai Gakkaishi 43(9): 725-730.
2 Gasparik, M., Barcik, S. 2014. Effect of plasticizing by microwave heating on bending characteristics of Beech wood. Bioresources 9(3): 4808-4820.
3 Lee, J.M., Lee, W.H. 2018. Dimensional stabilization through heat treatment of thermally compressed wood of Korean pine. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 46(5): 471-485.   DOI
4 Li, J., Furuno, T., Katoh, S., Uehara, T. 2000. Chemical modification of wood by anhydrides without solvents or catalysts. Journal of Wood Science 46: 215-221.   DOI
5 Marbun, S.D., Wahyudi, I., Suryana, J., Nawawi, D.S. 2019. Anatomical structures and fiber quality of four lesser-used wood species grown in Indonesia. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 47(5): 617-632.   DOI
6 Martawijaya, A., Kartasujana, I., Mandang, Y.I., Prawira, S.A., Kadir, K. 1989. Atlas Kayu Indonesia Jilid II. Bogor (ID): The forestry research, development and innovation agencies. (in Bahasa Indonesia).
7 Miyoshi, Y., Furutani, M., Furuta, Y. 2016. Swelling behavior of cells in compressed wood. Journal of the Society of Materials Science 65(5): 343-346.   DOI
8 Morsing, N., Hoffmeyer, P. 2000. Densification of wood: The influence of hygrothermal treatment on compression of beech perpendicular to gain [dissertation]. Denmark (DK): Technical University of Denmark.
9 Nagieb, Z.A., Nassar, M.A., El-Meligy, M.G. 2011. Effect of addition of boric acid and borax on fireretardant and mechanical properties of urea formaldehyde saw dust composites. International Journal of Carbohydride Chemistry 2011: 1-6.
10 Navi, P., Sandberg, D. 2012. Thermo hydro mechanical processing of wood. Lausanne (CH): EPFL Press.
11 Ohlmeyer, M., Paul, W. 2010. Optimization of the Properties of Wood Materials by Means of Thermal Modification Methods (Work Report No. 2010/2). Hamburg (DE): Institute of Wood Technology and Wood Biology, University of Hamburg.
12 Prabuningrum, D.S., Massijaya, M.Y., Hadi, Y.S., Abdillah, I.B. 2020. Physical-mechanical properties of laminated board made from oil palm trunk (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) waste with various lamina compositions and densifications. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 48(2): 196-205.   DOI
13 Ramos, A.M., Jorge, F.C., Botelho, C. 2006. Boron fixation in wood: studies of fixation mechanisms using model compounds and maritime pine. Holz Roh Werkst 64(6): 445-450.   DOI
14 Rowel, R.M., Young, R.L. 1981. Dimensional Stabilization of Wood in Use. FPL-0243, Madison, WI (US): U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory.
15 Rowell, R.M. 1990. Chemical modification of lignocellulosic fibers to produce high- performance composites. Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings 197: 3-9.
16 Rulliaty, S. 1994. Wood quality indicators as estimator of juvenile wood in Mahagony (Swietenia macropylla King) from forest plantation in Sukabumi, West Java, Indonesia [Thesis]. Los Banos (PH): UPLB.
17 Ulker, O., Imirzi, O., Burdurlu, E. 2012. The effect of densification temperature on some physical and mechanical properties of scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). Bioresources 7(4): 5581-5592.
18 Shmulsky, R., Jones, P.D. 2011. Forest products & wood science: An introduction 6th ed. West Sussex (GB): Wiley-Blackwell.
19 Triadi, P., Sholihah, M., Karlinasari, L. 2019. Water absorption and dimensional stability of heat-treated fast-growing hardwoods. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 47(5): 567-578.   DOI
20 Tu, D., Su, T., Zhang, T., Fan, W., Zhou, Q. 2014. Thermo-mechanical densification of Populus tomentosa var. tomentosa with low moisture content. Bioresources 9(3): 3846-3856.
21 Ulvcrona, T., Linberg, H., Bergsten, U. 2006. Impregnation of Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) wood by hydrophobic oil and dispersion patterns in different tissues. Forestry 79(1): 123-134.   DOI
22 Wistara, N.J., Rohmatullah, M.A., Febrianto, F., Pari, G., Lee, S.H., Kim, N.H. 2017. Effect of bark content and densification temperature on the properties of oil palm trunk-based pellets. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 45(6): 671-681.   DOI
23 Yunianti, A.D., Tirtayasa, K.P., Suhasman, Taskirawati, I., Agussalim, Muin, M. 2019. Modified densification process for increasing strength properties of Pine and Gmelina wood from community forests. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 47(4): 418-424.   DOI
24 Zhang, Y.H., Huang, Y.X., Ma, H.X., Yu, W.J., Qi, Y. 2018. Effect of different pressing processes and density on dimensional stability and mechanical properties of bamboo fiber-based composites. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 46(4): 355-361.   DOI
25 Kelley, S.S., Timothy, G.R., Glasser, W.G. 1987. Relaxation behavior of the amorphous components of wood. Journal of Material Science 22(2): 617-624.   DOI
26 Zhao, Y., Wang, Z., Iida, I., Huang, R., Lu, J., Jiang, J. 2015. Studies on pre-treatment by compression for wood drying I: Effect of compression ratio, compression direction and compression speed on the reduction of moisture content in wood. Journal of Wood Science 61(2): 113-119.   DOI
27 Hill, C.A.S. 2006. Wood modification: Chemical, thermal, and other processes. Chichester, Sussex (UK): John Wiley and Sons.
28 Hong, M.K., Park, B.D., Lubis, M.A.R. 2017. Effect of panel density and resin content on properties of medium density fiberboard. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 45(4): 444-455.   DOI
29 Inoue, M., Norimoto, M., Tanahashi, M., Rowel, R.M. 1993. Steam or heat fixation of compressed wood. Wood and Fiber Science 25(3): 224-235.
30 Kartal, S.N., Hwang, J.W., Imamura, Y. 2007. Water absorption of boron-treated and heat-modified wood. Journal of Wood Science 53(5): 454-457.   DOI
31 Laine, K., Segerholm, K., Walinder, M., Rautkari, L., Ormondroyd, G., Hughes, M., Jones, D. 2014. Micromorphological studies of surface densified wood. Journal of Materials Science 49: 2027-2034.   DOI
32 Khalil, A.H.P.S., Dungani, R., Mohammed, I.A., Hossain, S.Md., Aprilia, S.N.A., Budiarto, E., Rosamah, E. 2014. Determination of the combined effect of chemical modification and compression of Agathis wood on the dimensional stability, termite resistance, and morphological structure. Bioresources 9(4): 6614-6626.
33 Kong, L., Zhao, Z., He, Z., Yi, S. 2017. Effect of steaming treatment on crystallinity and glass transition temperature of Eucalyptuses grandis x E. urophylla. Results in Physics 7: 914-919.   DOI
34 Korkut, D.S., Korkut, S., Bekar, I., Budakci, M., Dilik, T., Cakicier, N. 2008. The effects of heat treatment on the physical properties and surface roughness of Turkish Hazel (Corylus colurna L.) wood. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 9(9): 1772-1783.   DOI
35 Lahtela, V., Karki, T. 2014. Effects of impregnation and heat treatment on the physical and mechanical properties of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) wood. Wood Material Science and Engineering 11(4): 217-227.   DOI
36 Laine, K., Belt, T., Rautkari, L., Ramsay, J., Hill, C.A.S., Hughes, M. 2013. Measuring thickness swelling and set-recovery of densified and thermally modified Scot pine solid wood. Journal of Materials Science 48(24): 8530-8538.   DOI
37 Laser, B., Gorisek, Z., Humar, M. 2009. Sorption properties of wood impregnated with boron compounds, sodium chloride and glucose. Drying Technology 27(1): 94-102.   DOI
38 Ali, C.A. 2011. Physical-mechanical properties and natural durability of lesser used wood species from Mozambique [dissertation]. Uppsala (SWE): Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences.
39 [BPS] Badan Pusat Statistik. 2017. Forest production's statistic 2016. Jakarta (ID): Statistics Indonesia. (in Bahasa Indonesia).
40 Bao, M., Huang, X., Zhang, Y., Yu, Y. 2016. Effect of density on the hygroscopicity and surface characteristics of hybrid poplar compreg. Journal of Wood Science 62(5): 441-451.   DOI
41 Danu, S., Razzak, T.M., Handono, D., Darsono, Marsongko. 2013. Densification of Randu wood (Ceiba pentandra L. Gaertn) and surface coating by compaction using ultra violet radiation. Indonesian Journal Material of Science 14(3): 222-228. (in Bahasa Indonesia).
42 Baysal, E., Sonmez, A., Colak, M., Toker, H. 2006. Amount of leachant and water absorption levels of wood treated with borates and water repellents. Bioresources Technology 97(18): 2271-2279.   DOI
43 Bucur, V., Garros, S., Barlow, C.Y. 2000. The effect of hydrostatic pressure on physical properties and microstructure of spruce and cherry. Holzforschung 54(1): 83-92.   DOI
44 Budakci, M., Pelit, H., Sonmez, A., Korkmaz, M. 2016. The effect of densification and heat post-treatment on hardness and morphological properties of wood. Bioresources 11(3): 7822-7838.
45 Darwis, A., Wahyudi, I., Dwianto, W., Cahyono, T.D. 2017. Densified wood anatomical structure and the effect of heat treatment on the recovery of set. Journal of The Indian Academic of Wood Science 14(1): 24-31.   DOI
46 Fang, C.H., Mariotti, N., Cloutier, A., Koubaa, A., Blanchet, P. 2012. Densification of wood veneers by compression combined with heat and steam. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products 70(1-3): 155-163.   DOI
47 Bal, B.C., Bektas, I. 2012. The effect of heat treatment on the physical properties of juvenile wood and mature wood of Eucalyptus grandis. Bioresources 7(4): 5117-5127.
48 [FAO] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 1984. Lesser-Known Tropical Wood Species. Rome (IT): FAO Forestry Paper 36.