Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5658/WOOD.2019.47.1.51

A Feasibility Study of Wood-plastic Composite Paver Block for Basic Rest Areas  

Yang, Sungchul (School of Architectural Engineering, College of Science and Technology, Hongik University)
Publication Information
Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology / v.47, no.1, 2019 , pp. 51-65 More about this Journal
Abstract
A wood-plastic composite (WPC) paver block was manufactured using wood chips waste through an extrusion process, and it was intended to be used for paving in basic rest areas. The first stage in this study covered preliminary tests in terms of flexural strength and dimensional swelling to determine the optimal WPC compounding mix condition, by variation of the WPC ingredients. Next, three different paver blocks including the WPC block, a non-porous cement block, and a porous cement block were tested in terms of various material properties in the laboratory. Finally, two outdoor test sections of the proposed paver blocks were prepared to simulate a basic rest area. Test results indicated that the flexural strength of the WPC paver blocks was about 1.6 times greater than that of the tested cement paver blocks. The WPC block pavement was unaffected by water buoyance as well as volume expansion due to swelling. Results from the impact absorbance test and light falling weight deflectometer (LFWD) test clearly showed that the WPC block paving system marginally satisfied the comfortable and safe hardness range from the pedestrians' perspective, while the results demonstrated that it is structurally sound for application as a road paving block.
Keywords
wood plastic composite; recycled resources; block paver; impact absorbance; hardness;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 8  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Wikipedia. 2016. Nicolson pavement. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nicolson_pavement&oldid=739503949.
2 Wikipedia. 2018. Rest area. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rest_area.
3 Wittenoom, E.H. 1900. A defense of Australian hardwood pavements. Engineering News.
4 Zimmermann, M., Zattera, A. 2013. Recycling and reuse of waste from electricity distribution networks as reinforcement agents in polymeric composites. Waste Management 33(7): 1667-1674.   DOI
5 Cho, B., Lohoumi, S., Choi, C., Yang, S., Kang, S. 2016. Study on rapid measurement of wood powder concentration of wood-plastic composites using FT-NIR and FT-IR spectroscopy techniques. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 44(6): 852-863.   DOI
6 Adam, C., Adam, D. 2003. Modelling of the dynamic load plate test with the light falling weight device. Asian Journal of Civil Engineering (Building and Housing) 4(2-4): 73-89.
7 ASTM D1037: Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Properties of Wood-Base Fiber and Particle Panel Materials, ASTM International: West Conshohocken, PA, USA, 2012.
8 Brown, F.L. 2016. The city is more than human-an animal history of Seattle. University of Washington Press, Seattle and London.
9 Choi, J., Lee, K. 2004. Performance of sidewalk pavement containing waste-wood chips. Journal of Testing and Evaluation 42(1): 151-161.
10 Choi, J., Lee, K., Moon, S. 2017. Characteristics of elastic paving materials made of sawdust and urethane resin mixture. Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial Cooperation Society 18(6): 673-680.   DOI
11 Destamatic Oy. 2016. Composite of wood, stone and concrete. Finish Forest Association.
12 Gibbons, J. 1999. Pavements and surface materials, Nonpoint education for municipal officials, Technical Paper, No. 8, University of Connecticut.
13 Japan Road Association. 2007. The handbook of pavement survey and testing, the first volume: 126-129 (in Japanese).
14 Gwon, J., Lee, D., Cho, H., Chun, S., Choi, D., Lee, S. 2017. Determination of wood flour content in WPC through thermogravimetic analysis and accelerator mass spectrometry. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 45(5): 572-579.   DOI
15 Higuchi, M., Takeuchi, Y., Okazawa, H., Sato, K. 2011. Study on evaluating the hardness of the side work pavement. International Journal of Environmental and Rural Development 2-1: 77-82.
16 http://www.booksupstairs.com/The-preservation-of-str uctural-timber/Prolonging-the-Life-of_6.html.
17 Ju, S., Roh, J. 2017. Manufacture of dyed recycling wood fiber using waste MDF. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 45(3): 297-307.   DOI
18 Ko, H., Ko, M. 2015. An experimental study on the basic properties of elastic paving materials. Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial Cooperation Society 16(7): 5021-5028.   DOI
19 KS F3230: Method of test for WPC (Wood Plastic Composites) deck floor board, KATS, Seoul, S. Korea, 2013.
20 KS F4419: Method of test for concrete interlocking block for sidewalk and road, KATS, Seoul, S. Korea, 2016.
21 Kyriakodis, H. 2014. Little clubs on a wooden street, Hidden city, Philadelphia.
22 Lee, I., Cho, S., Hong, S. 2018. Prediction of the MOR of larch lumber. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 46(1): 93-99.   DOI
23 Oh, S. 2017. Anisotropy of softwood structural lumber using the elastic modulus determined by the ultrasonic nondestructive method. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 45(1): 20-27.   DOI
24 Lestari, A., Hadi, Y., Hermawan, D., Santoso, A. 2018. Physical and mechanical properties of glued laminated lumber of pine (pinuys merkusii) and Jabon (anthocephalus cadamba). Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 46(2): 143-148.   DOI
25 Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport. 2018. Basic Rest Area. Policy Review, S. Korea,
26 Nabeshima, M., Yamada, M. 2005. Range of proper hardness for aged about walkway pavement. Official Journals Quarterly of the Japan Society of Civil Engineers 788-67: 117-126.
27 Smith, W.A. 1894. Advantages of Australian hardwood for paving. Engineering Record.
28 Sommerhuber, P., Welling, J., Krause, A. 2015. Substitution potentials of recycled HDPE and wood particles from post-consumer packaging waster in Wood- Plastic Composites. Waste Management 46: 76-85.   DOI
29 Stirrat, J. 1898. Notes on wood paving vs macadam in Rangoon. Industrial Engineering.
30 Sydney Harbor Foreshore Authority. 2012. Paving Part 4 of 5, Types of Wood used for woodblock paving https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=As9N9IfGy6A.
31 Takeuchi, Y., Sato, K., Aoki, M., Kuni, Y., Sato, K., Yaginuma, H. 2011. Development of pavement design method for walkers in consideration of comfort and safety. Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers-E1 67(3): I_1-I_8.
32 Takeuchi, Y., Sato, K., Aoki, M., Yaginuma, H. 2008. Hardness evaluation of the sidewalk pavement using Portable FWD tester, the proceeding of the 64th JSCE Annual Meeting of the Japan Society of Civil Engineers, (CD-ROMS).
33 Richards, R.W. 1897. Hardwood pavements in Sydney, New South Wales. Engineering.
34 Valente, M., Sarasini, F., Marra, F., Tirillo, J., Pulci, G. 2011. Hybrid recycled glass fiber/wood flour thermoplastic composites: manufacturing and mechanical characterization. Compo. Applied Science and Manufacturing 42(6): 649-657.   DOI
35 Weiss, H.F. 2011. Prolonging the life of paving blocks, The preservation of structural timber. VinDaj, Inc.
36 Whitten, D.O. 1995. Rusty roads: ferrous metal paving materials. Essays in economic and business history XIV: 249-66.
37 Whitten, D.O. 1997. A century of parquet pavements: Wood as a paving material in the United States and abroad, 1840-1940, Part 1, Nineteenth century origins. Essays in economic and business history XV: 209-26.