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Study on Affecting Variables Appearing through Chemical Pretreatments of Poplar Wood (Populus euramericana) to Enzymatic Hydrolysis  

Koo, Bon-Wook (Dept. of Forest Sciences, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Seoul National University)
Park, Nahyun (Dept. of Forest Sciences, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Seoul National University)
Yeo, Hwanmyeong (Dept. of Forest Sciences, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Seoul National University)
Kim, Hoon (HaidongEokom Co.,Ltd)
Choi, In-Gyu (Dept. of Forest Sciences, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Seoul National University)
Publication Information
Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology / v.37, no.3, 2009 , pp. 255-264 More about this Journal
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of chemical pretreatments of lignocellulosic biomass on enzymatic hydrolysis process, Populus euramericana was pretreated for 1 hr with 1% sulfuric acid ($H_2SO_4$) at $150^{\circ}C$ and 1% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at $160^{\circ}C$, respectively. Before the enzymatic hydrolysis, each pretreated sample was subjected to drying process and thus finally divided into four subgroups; dried or non-dried acid pretreated samples and dried or non-dried alkali pretreated samples and chemical and physical properties of them were analyzed. Biomass degradation by acid pretreatment was determined to 6% higher compared to alkali pretreatment. By the action of acid ca. 24.5% of biomass was dissolved into solution, while alkali degraded ca. 18.6% of biomass. However, reverse results were observed in delignification rates, in which alkali pretreatment released 2% more lignin fragment from biomass to the solution than acid pretreatment. Unexpectedly, samples after both pretreatments were determined to somewhat higher crystallinity than untreated samples. This result may be explained by selective disrupture of amorphous region in cellulose during pretreatments, thus the cellulose crystallinity seems to be accumulated in the pretreated samples. SEM images revealed that pretreated samples showed relative rough and partly cracked surfaces due to the decomposition of components, but the image of acid pretreated samples which were dried was similar to that of the control. In pore size distribution, dried acid pretreated samples were similar to the control, while that in alkali pretreated samples was gradually increased as pore diameter increased. The pore volume which increased by acid pretreatment rapidly decreased by drying process. Alkali pretreatment was much more effective on enzymatic digestibility than acid pretreatment. The sample after alkali pretreatment was enzymatically hydrolyzed up to 45.8%, while only 26.9% of acid pretreated sample was digested at the same condition. The high digestibility of the sample was also influenced to the yields of monomeric sugars during enzymatic hydrolysis. In addition, drying process of pretreated samples affected detrimentally not only to digestibility but also to the yields of monomeric sugars.
Keywords
Bioethanol; lignocellulosics; chemical pretreatment; $H_2SO_4$; NaOH;
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