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13C-NMR Spectroscopy of Urea-Formaldehyde Resin Adhesives with Different Formaldehyde/Urea Mole Ratios  

Park, Byung-Dae (Department of Wood Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University)
Lee, Sang M. (Division of Environmental Wooden Material Engineering, Korea Forest Research Institute)
Park, Jong-Young (Division of Environmental Wooden Material Engineering, Korea Forest Research Institute)
Publication Information
Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology / v.36, no.2, 2008 , pp. 63-72 More about this Journal
Abstract
As a part of abating formaldehyde emission of urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin adhesive, this study was conducted to investigate chemical structures of UF resin adhesives with different formaldehyde/urea (F/U) mole ratios, using carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance ($^{13}C$-NMR) spectroscopy. UF resin adhesives were synthesized at four different F/U mole ratios such as 1.6, 1.4, 1.2, and 1.0 for the analysis. The analysis $^{13}C$-NMR spectroscopy showed that UF resin adhesives with higher F/U mole ratios (i.e., 1.6 and 1.4) had two distinctive peaks, indicating the presence of dimethylene ether linkages and methylene glycols, a dissolved form of free formaldehyde. But, these peaks were not detected at the UF resins with lower F/U mole ratios (i.e., 1.2 and 1.0). These chemical structures present at the UF resins with higher F/U mole ratios indicated that UF resin adhesive with higher F/U mole ratio had a greater contribution to the formaldehyde emission than that of lower F/U mole ratio. Uronic species were detected for all UF resins regardless of F/U mole ratios.
Keywords
$^{13}C$-NMR spectroscopy; urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive; mole ratio;
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