Browse > Article

The Change of Ginsenoside Composition in Ginseng Leaf and Stem Extract by the Microwave and Vinegar Process  

Kim, Shin Jung (College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University)
Kim, Ju Duck (Graduate School of Distance Learning, Department of Cosmetic & Beauty, Sookmyung Women's University)
Ko, Sung Kwon (The Department of Oriental Medical Food & Nutrition, Semyung University)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy / v.44, no.2, 2013 , pp. 149-153 More about this Journal
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop a new preparation process of ginseng extract with the high concentration of prosapogenin, the specific component in Red ginseng. Chemical transformation from the ginseng saponin glycosides to the prosapogenin was analyzed by the HPLC. The extracts of ginseng leaf and stem were processed at the several treatment conditions of the microwave and vinegar(about 14% acidity). MGLS-20 findings show that the ginseng leaf and stem extracts that had been processed with microwave and vinegar for 20 minutes peaked in the level of ginsenoside $Rg_3$(0.906%). MGLS-25 peaked in the level of ginsenoside $Rg_5$(0.329%) in the ginseng leaf and stem extract processed with microwave and vinegar for 25 minute. And the other kinds of ginseng prosapogenin did not show a higher content.
Keywords
Ginseng; Leaf; Stem; Microwave; Vinegar; Ginsenoside $Rg_3$; Ginsenoside $Rg_5$;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Ko, SK. and Im, BO. (2009) The science of Korean ginseng, 47-52, Yakupsinmunsa, Seoul.
2 Lee, D. C., Lee, M. O., Kim, C. Y. and Clifford, D. H. (1981) Effect of ether, ethanol and aqueous extracts of ginseng on cardiovascular function in dogs. Can. J. Comp. Med. 45: 182-187
3 Jie, Y. H., Cammisuli, S. and Baggiolini, M. (1984) Immunomodulatory effects of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer in the mouse. Agents Actions. 15: 386-391.   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Kim, Y. C., Kim, S. R., Markelonis, G. J. and Oh, T. H. (1998) Ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg3 protect cultured rat cortical cells from glutamate-induced neurodegeneration. J. Neurosci. Res. 53: 426-432.   DOI   ScienceOn
5 Joo, C. N., Koo, J. D., Kim, D. S. and Lee, S. J. (1977) Biochemical studies of ginseng saponins. XI. The effects of ginseng saponins on alcohol dehydrogenase. Hanguk Saenghwa Hakhoe Chi. 10: 109-120.
6 Tahara, M., Kono, H., Mune, S. and Odashima, S. (1985) Action of ginsenosides on tumor cells. Growth inhibition and redifferentiation of neoplasia. Wakan Yaku Gakkaishi. 2: 170-171
7 Yokozawa, T., Kobayashi, T., Oura, H. and Kawashima, Y. (1985) Studies on the mechanism of the hypoglycemic activity of ginsenoside-Rb2 in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 33: 869-872.   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Park, J. D. (1996) Recent studies on the chemical constituents of Korean ginseng. Korean J. Ginseng Sci. 20: 389-415.
9 Sanata, S., Kondo, N., Shoji, J., Tanaka, O. and Shibata, S. (1974) Studies on the saponins of ginseng. . Structure of ginseng- $R_{0}$, $Rb_{1}$, $Rb_{2}$, Rc and Rd. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 22: 421-428   DOI
10 Kitagawa, I., Taniyama, T., Shibuya, H., Nota, T. and Yoshikawa, M. (1987) Chemical studies on crude drug processing. V. On the constituents of ginseng radix rubra (2); Comparison of the constituents of white ginseng and red ginseng prepared from the same Panax ginseng root. Yakugaku Zasshi. 107: 495-505.   DOI
11 Keum, Y. S., Park, K. K., Lee, J. M., Chun, K. S., Park, J. H., Lee, S. K., Kwon, H. and Surh, Y. J. (2000) Antioxidant and anti-tumor promoting activities of the methanol extract of heat-processed ginseng. Cancer Lett. 150: 41-48.   DOI   ScienceOn
12 Kim, S. E., Lee, Y. H., Park, J. H. and Lee, S. K. (1999) Ginsenoside- Rs3, a new diol-type ginseng saponin, selectively elevates protein levels of p53 and p21WAF1 leading to induction of apoptosis in SK-HEP-1 cells. Anticancer Res. 19: 487-491.
13 Kwon, S. W., Han, S. B., Park, I. H., Kim, J. M., Park, M. K. and Park, J. H. (2001) Liquid chromatographic determination of less polar ginsenosides in processed ginseng. J. Chromatogr. 921: 335-339.   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Kim, W. Y., Kim, J. M., Han, S. B., Lee, S. K., Kim, N. D., Park, M. K., Kim, C. K. and Park, J. H. (2000) Steaming of ginseng at high temperature enhances biological activity. J. Nat. Prod. 63: 1702-1704.   DOI   ScienceOn
15 Bao, H. Y., Zhang, J., Yeo, S. J., Myung, C. S., Kim, H. M., Kim, J. M., Park, J. H., Cho, J. S. and Kang, J. S. (2005) Memory enhancing and neuroprotective effects of selected ginsenosides. Arch. Pharm. Res. 28: 335-342.   DOI
16 Jung, K. Y., Kim, D. S., Oh, S. R., Lee, I. S., Lee, J. J., Park, J. D., Kim, S. I. and Lee, H. K. (1998) Platelet activating factor antagonist activity of ginsenosides. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 21: 79-80.   DOI   ScienceOn
17 Hasegawa, H., Sung, J. H., Matsumiya, S. and Uchiyama, M. (1996) Main ginseng saponin metabolites formed by intestinal bacteria. Planta Med. 62: 453-457.   DOI   ScienceOn
18 Hasegawa, H., Sung, J. H. and Benno, Y. (1997) Role of human intestinal Prevotella oris in hydrolyzing ginseng saponins. Planta Med. 63: 436-440.   DOI   ScienceOn
19 Yahara, S., Tanaka, O. and Komori, T. (1976) Saponins of the leaves of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 24: 2204-2208.   DOI
20 Yahara. S. Matsuura. K., Kasai. R. and Tanaka. O. (1976) Saponins of buds and flowers of Panax ginseng (I). Isolation of ginsenosides Rd, Re, and $Rg_{1}$. Chem. Pharm. Bull., 24: 3212-3213.   DOI
21 Yahara. S., Kaji. K. and Tanaka. O. (1979) Further study on dammarane-type saponins of roots, leaves, flower buds, and fruits of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer. Chem. Pharm. Bull., 27: 88-92.   DOI
22 Ko, S. K., Lee, K. H., Hong, J. K., Kang, S. A., Sohn, U. D., Im, B. O., Han, S. T., Yang, B. W., Chung, S. H. and Lee, B. Y. (2005) Change of Ginsenoside Composition in Ginseng Extract by Vinegar Process. Food Sci. Biotechnol. 14: 509-513
23 Zhang. S., Yao. X., Chen, Y., Cui. C., Tezuka. Y. and Kikuchi. T. (1989) Ginsenoside La, a novel saponin from the leaves of Panax ginseng. Chem. Pharm. Bull., 37: 1966-1968.   DOI
24 Zhang. S., Takeda. T., Zhu. T., Chen. Y., Yao. X., Tanaka, O. and Ogihara. Y. (1990) A New Minor Saponin from the Leaves of Panax ginseng. Planta Medica. 56: 298-300.   DOI   ScienceOn
25 Kwon, S. W., Han, S. B., Park, I H., Kim, J. M., Park, M. K. and Park, J. H. (2001) Liquid chromatographic determination of less polar ginsenosides in processed ginseng. Journal of chromatography A, 921: 335-339.   DOI   ScienceOn
26 Shibata, S., Tanaka, T., Ando, T., Sado, M., Tsushima, S. and Ohsawa, T. (1966) Chemial Studies on oriental plant drugs (XIV) Prtopanaxadiol, a genuine sapogenin of ginseng saponins. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 14: 595-600.   DOI   ScienceOn
27 Jo, H. K., Sung, M. C. and Ko, S. K. (2012) The comparison of ginseng prosapogenin composition and contents in Red and Black ginseng. Kor. J. Pharmacogn. 42: 361-365.