Browse > Article

The Effect of the Compound of Tomato Extract to the Prostatic Cancer Cell and the Prostate of the Rat Model of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia  

Kang, Han-Saem (ECOBIO INC.)
Kim, Gwang-Yun (ECOBIO INC.)
Jung, Il (ECOBIO INC.)
Oh, Sung-Dug (ECOBIO INC.)
Kim, Chang-Hoon (ECOBIO INC.)
Shim, Bong-Sup (ECOBIO INC.)
Park, Keun-Hyung (Department of Biological & Environmental Chemistry, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences)
Oh, Suk-Jung (ECOBIO INC.)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy / v.38, no.2, 2007 , pp. 197-203 More about this Journal
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the common disease in elderly men. Recently old-age population is increased and we are growing more and more interested in clinical importance of BPH. In this study, the effect of PLX, which was the mixture of tomato extract (including 2% of lycopene) and chitooligosaccharide, on prostatic cancer cell and testosterone-induced BPH in adult rats of the Sprague Dawley strain was determined. The cell viability was evaluated by MTT method using L929 and LNCaP cell line, pretreated with various concentrations of PLX. The expression of prostatic specific antigen (PSA) and 5${\alpha$}$-reductase genes were evaluated by realtime PCR using LNCaP cell line and compared various concentrations of PLX with 50 ${\mu}$M of finasteride. An experimental prostatic hyperplasia was induced in male Sprague Dawley rats by giving testosterone for 8 weeks. After 2 weeks from start of giving testosterone, PLX and finasteride were administered orally once a day. The results were analyzed with prostate weight per body weight at 8 weeks. Cell viability of L929 cell line decreased specifically at the concentration of 2000 ${\mu}$g/mf of PLX. The cytotoxicity of PLX to the LNCaP cell line was shown at above 500 ${\mu}$g/ml of PLX. The inhibitory effect of PLX to the expression of PSA and 5${\alpha$}$-reductase genes in LNCaP cell line increased with the concentration of PLX. In vivo study, the results of PLX and finasteride administered group were 3.75${\pm}$0.60 and 3.49${\pm}$0.49 prostate weight ${\times}10^3$/body weight, which were lower than the result of BPH induced group (4.74${\pm}$0.58). These results suggested that PLX may be an effective material in BPH by having the role of the 5a-reductase inhibitor.
Keywords
benign prostatic hyperplasia; chitooligosaccharide; lycopene; prostate; PSA; 5${\alpha}$-reductase;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Rhoehrborn, C. G., Marks, L., Harkaway, R. (2006) Enlarged prostate: A landmark national survey of its prevalence and impact on US men and their partners. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 9: 30-34   DOI   ScienceOn
2 Nixon, P. (1997) New clinical trial of medical therapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Drug Benefit Trends 9: 44-45
3 Lehle, C., Radvanyi, F., Gil Diez de Medina, S. (1999) Differences in steroid 5 alpha-reductase iso-enzymes expression between normal and pathological human prostate tissue. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 68: 189-195   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Okamoto, Y., Inoue, A., Miyatake, K., Ogihara, K., Shigemasa, Y., Minami, S. (2003) Effects of chitin/shitosan and their oligomers/monomers on migrations of macrophages. Macromol Biosci 3: 587-590   DOI   ScienceOn
5 Tokoro, A., Tatewaki, N., Suzuki, K., Mikami, T., Suzuki, S., Suzuki, M. (1998) Growth inhibitory effect of hexa-N-acetylchitohexaose and chitohexaos and Meth-A solid tumor. Chem Pharm Bull 36: 784-790
6 Jeon, T. I., Hwang, S. G., Park, N. G., Jung, Y. R., Shin, S. I., Choi, S. D., Park, D. K. (2003) Antioxidative effect of chitosan on chronic carbon tetrachloride induced hepatic injury in rats. Toxicology 187: 67-73   DOI   ScienceOn
7 Karr, J. P., Kim, U., Resko, J. A., Schneider, S., Chai, L. S., Murphy, G. P., Sandbery, A. A. (1984) Induction of benign prostatic hypertrophy in baboons. Urology 23: 276-289   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Giovannucci, E., Rimm, E. B., Liu, Y., Stampfer, M. J., Willett, W. C. (2002) A prospective study of tomato products, lycopene, and prostate cancer risk. J Natl Cancer Inst 94: 391-398   DOI   ScienceOn
9 Coffey, D. S., Walsh, P. C. (1990) Clinical and experimental studies of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Urol Clin North Am 17: 461-475
10 Silver, R. I., Wiley, E. L., Davis, D. L., Thigpen, A. E., Russell, D. W., McConnell, J. D. (1994) Expression and regulation of steroid 5 alpha-reductase 2 in prostate disease. J Urol 152: 433-437   DOI
11 Bales, G. T., Christiano, A. P., Kirsh, E. J., Gerber, G. S. (1999) Phytotherapeutic agents in the treatment of lower urinary track symptoms: a demographic analysis of awareness and use at the University of Chicago. Urology 54: 86-89   DOI   ScienceOn
12 Berry, S. J., Coffey, D. S., Strandberg, J. D., Ewing, L. L. (1986) Effect of age, castration and testosterone replacement on the development and restoration of canine benign prostatic hyperplasia. Prostate 9: 295-302   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Pannala, A. S., Rice-Evans, C., Sampson, J., Sin, S. (1998) Interaction of peroxynitrite with carotenoids and tocopherols within low density lipoprotein. FEBS Letters 423: 297-301   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Friendman, M. (2002) Tomato glycoalkaloids: role in the plant and in the diet. J Agric Food Chem 50: 5751-5760   DOI   ScienceOn
15 Siler, U., Barella, L., Spitzer, V., Schnorr, J., Lein, M., Goralczyk, R., Wertz, K. (2004) Lycopene and vitamin E interfere with autocrine/paracrine loops in the dunning prostate cancer model. FASEB J 14: 1-23
16 Wilt, T. J., Ishani, A., Stark, G. (1998) Saw palmetto extracts for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a systematic review. JAMA 280: 1604-1609   DOI   ScienceOn
17 Clark, R. V., Hermann, D. J., Cunningham, G. R., Wilson, T. H., Morrill, B. B., Hobbs, S. (2004) Marked suppression of dihydrotestosterone in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia by dutasteride, a dual 5$\alpha$-reductase inhibitior. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89: 2179-2184   DOI
18 Gerasimenko, D. V., Avdienko, I. D., Bannikova, G. E., Zueva, O. Y., Varlamov, V. P. (2004) Antibacterial effects of water-soluble low-molecular-weight chitosans on different microorganisms. Appl Biochem Microbiol 40: 253-257   DOI
19 Di Mascio, P., Kaiser, S., Sies, H. (1989) Lycopene as the most efficient biological carotenoid singlet oxygen quencher. Arch Biochem Soc Trans 24: 1023-1027
20 Isaacs, J. T. (1984) Antagonistic effect of androgen on prostatic cell death. Prostate 5: 545-557   DOI   ScienceOn
21 Xing, N., Chen, Y., Mitchell, S. H., Young, C. V. (2001) Quercetin inhibits the expression and function of the androgen receptor in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Carcinogenesis 22: 409-414   DOI   ScienceOn
22 Wilt, T. J., MacDonald, R., Ishani, A. (1999) Beta-sisterol for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a systematic review. BJU International 83: 976-983   DOI
23 Constantinou, C. E. (1996) Influence of hormone treatment on prostate growth and micturition characteristics of the rat. Prostate 26: 30-35
24 Bonkhoff, H., Stein, U., Aumuller, G., Remberger, K. (1996) Differential expression of 5 alpha-reductase isoenzymes in the human prostate and prostatic carcinomas. Prostate 29: 261-267   DOI   ScienceOn
25 Schroeder, F. H. (1983) Current models and their relation to human diseases. In Hinman, F. (ed.), Benign prostatic hypertophy, 215-228. Springer Verlag, New York, USA
26 Jameela, S. R., Misra, A., Jayakrishnan, A. (1994) Cross-linked chitosan microspheres as carriers for prolonged delivery of macromolecular drugs. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 6: 621-632   DOI   ScienceOn
27 Kotakanara, E., Kushiro, M., Zhang, H., Sugawara, T., Myashita, K., Nagao, A. (2001) Carotenoids affect proliferation of human prostate cancer cells. J Nutr 131: 3303-3306
28 Di Silverio, F., Flammia, G. P., Sciarra, A. (1993) Plant extracts in benign prostatic hyperplasia, Minerva Urol Nefrol 45: 143-149
29 AUA Practice Guidelines Committee. (2003) AUA guideline on management of benign prostatic hyperplasia, Chapter 1: Diagnosis and treatment recommendations. J Urol 170: 530-547   DOI   ScienceOn
30 Buck, A. C. (1996) Phytotherapy for the prostate. Br J Urol 78: 325-326   DOI   ScienceOn