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http://dx.doi.org/10.17663/JWR.2022.24.4.345

Development of A Material Flow Model for Predicting Nano-TiO2 Particles Removal Efficiency in a WWTP  

Ban, Min Jeong (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul)
Lee, Dong Hoon (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul)
Shin, Sangwook (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul)
Lee, Byung-Tae (Central Research Facilities, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology)
Hwang, Yu Sik (Environmental Fate and Exposure Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology)
Kim, Keugtae (Department of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Suwon University)
Kang, Joo-Hyon (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul)
Publication Information
Journal of Wetlands Research / v.24, no.4, 2022 , pp. 345-353 More about this Journal
Abstract
A wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is a major gateway for the engineered nano-particles (ENPs) entering the water bodies. However existing studies have reported that many WWTPs exceed the No Observed Effective Concentration (NOEC) for ENPs in the effluent and thus they need to be designed or operated to more effectively control ENPs. Understanding and predicting ENPs behaviors in the unit and \the whole process of a WWTP should be the key first step to develop strategies for controlling ENPs using a WWTP. This study aims to provide a modeling tool for predicting behaviors and removal efficiencies of ENPs in a WWTP associated with process characteristics and major operating conditions. In the developed model, four unit processes for water treatment (primary clarifier, bioreactor, secondary clarifier, and tertiary treatment unit) were considered. Additionally the model simulates the sludge treatment system as a single process that integrates multiple unit processes including thickeners, digesters, and dewatering units. The simulated ENP was nano-sized TiO2, (nano-TiO2) assuming that its behavior in a WWTP is dominated by the attachment with suspendid solids (SS), while dissolution and transformation are insignificant. The attachment mechanism of nano-TiO2 to SS was incorporated into the model equations using the apparent solid-liquid partition coefficient (Kd) under the equilibrium assumption between solid and liquid phase, and a steady state condition of nano-TiO2 was assumed. Furthermore, an MS Excel-based user interface was developed to provide user-friendly environment for the nano-TiO2 removal efficiency calculations. Using the developed model, a preliminary simulation was conducted to examine how the solid retention time (SRT), a major operating variable affects the removal efficiency of nano-TiO2 particles in a WWTP.
Keywords
WWTP; Unit process; Apparent partition coefficient; $TiO_2$; Nano-particles; Material flow model;
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