Browse > Article

A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of 9.6% Lidocaine of Local Anesthesia for Pain Reduction of Venipuncture in the ED  

Park, Duk (Department of Emergency Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center)
Ryu, Ji Yeong (Department of Emergency Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center)
Cho, Gyu Chong (Department of Emergency Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center)
You, Ji Young (Department of Emergency Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center)
Publication Information
Journal of Trauma and Injury / v.20, no.2, 2007 , pp. 115-118 More about this Journal
Abstract
Purpose: A eutectic mixture of local anesthetics (EMLA$^{(R)}$) cream has been used as a topical anesthetic to reduce the pain of procedures penetrating the skin. It is generally applied for 40 to 60 minutes before the painful procedure. Because of the long application period, EMLA$^{(R)}$ is not useful in the emergency department (ED). The purpose of this study was to determine whether a 20-minute application of 9.6% lidocaine would be useful in reducing the pain of routine peripheral intravenous cannulation in the ED. Methods: We examined 27 male and 19 female patients ages over 18 years of age who required intravenous cannula insertion. Intravenous insertion was performed on 46 patients: 24 patients in the placebo group (mean age: 40.0 years) and 22 in the 9.6% lidocaine group (mean age: 37.6 years). The 9.6% lidocaine or placebo gel was applied and covered with an occlusive dressing for 20 minutes. Pain was scored by the patients using a 0- to 10-cm visual analogue scale. Results: The patients in the 9.6% lidocaine group (mean pain score: 3.4) experienced less pain than those in the placebo group (mean: 5.3), and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.029). Conclusion: We concluded that a 20-minute application of 9.6% lidocaine is safe and effective for reducing pain associated with venipuncture.
Keywords
Venipuncture; 9.6% lidocaine; Pain; Visual analogue scale;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Sharma SK, Gajraj NM, lowe K. EMLA cream effectively reduces the pain of spinal needle insertion. Reg Anesth 1996;21:561-4   PUBMED
2 Nott MR, Peacock JL. Relief of injection pain in adults. EMLA cream for 5 minutes before venepuncture. Anesthesia 1990;45:772-4   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Taddio A, Nulman I, Goldvach M, Ipp M, Koren G. Use of lidocaine-prilocaine cream for vaccination pain in infants. J Pediatr 1994;124:643-8   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Sicherer SH, Eggleston PA. EMLA cream for pain reduction in diagnostic allergy skin testing: Effects on wheal and flare responses. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 1997;78:64-8   DOI   PUBMED
5 Vetter TR: Comparison of EMLA cream versus nitrous oxide for pediatric venous cannulation. J Clin Anesth 1995;7:486-90   DOI   PUBMED   ScienceOn
6 Singer AJ, Richman PB, Kowalska A, Thode HC Jr. Comparison patient and practitioner assessment of pain from commonly performed emergency department's procedures. Ann Emerg Med 1999;33:652-8   PUBMED
7 Arts SE, Abu-Saad HH, Champion GD, Crawford MR, Fisher RJ, Juniper KH, et al. Age-related response to lidocaine-prilocaine (EMLA) emulsion and effect of music distraction on the pain of intravenous cannulation. Pediatrcs 1994;93:797-801
8 Selby IR, Bowles BJ. Analgesia for venous cannulation: A comparison of EMLA (5 minutes application), Lignocaine, ethyl chloride and nothing. J R Soc Med 1995;23:165-7
9 Himelsteine BP, Cnaan A, Blackall CS, Zhao H, Cavalieri G, Cohen DE. Topical application of lidocaineprilocaine (EMLA) cream reduces the pain of intramuscular infiltration of saline solution. J Pediatr 1996;129:718-721   DOI   PUBMED   ScienceOn
10 Wig J, Johl KS. Our experience with EMLA cream (for painless venous cannulation in children). Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 1990;34:130-2   PUBMED
11 Young SS, Schwartz R, Sheridan MJ. EMLA cream as a topical anesthetic before office phlevotomy in children. South Med J 1996;89:1184-7   DOI   ScienceOn
12 Nott MR, Clemson CJ, Peacock JL. Onset rime of topical analgesia with EMLA 5%: No reduction with glyceryl trinitrate. Eur J Anesthesiol 1996;13:17-20   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Yamamoto LG, Boychuck RB. A Blinded, randomized, paired, placebo-controlled trial of 20-minute EMLA Cream to reduce the pain of peripheral IV Cannulation in the ED. Am J Emerg Med 1998;16:634-6   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Smith M, Gray BM, Ingram S, Jewkes DA. Double-blind comparison of topical lidocaine-prilocaine cream (EMLA) and Lignocaine infiltration for arterial cannulation in adults. Br J Anaesth 1990;65:240-2   DOI   ScienceOn
15 Kapelushnik J, Koren G, Sohl H, Greenberq M, DeVeber L. Evaluating the efficacy of EMLA in alleviating pain associated with lumbar puncture: Comparison of open and double-blinded protocols in children. Pain 1990;42:31-4   DOI   ScienceOn