Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.7587/kjrehn.2015.88

Effect of Auricular Acupressure Therapy on Decreasing Smoking rates, Desire for Smoking, and Exhaled Carbon Monoxide in Male College Students  

Kwon, Oh Yun (Graduate School of Nursing, Chung-Ang University)
Song, Jung Hee (Health Care Center, Chung-Ang University)
Park, Kyung Sook (Red-Cross College of Nursing, Chung-Ang University)
Publication Information
The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing / v.18, no.2, 2015 , pp. 88-97 More about this Journal
Abstract
Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of auricular acupressure therapy on decreasing smoking rates, desire for smoking, and exhaled carbon monoxide in male college students. Methods: The quasi-experimental, nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used in this study. The participants (n=56) were assigned to the experimental group (n=29) that received auricular acupressure therapy or the control group (n=27) that received placebo therapy. The therapy was applied for 5 days followed by 1 or 2 days of rest. The therapy was repeated 2 times. To identify the effect of the experimental treatments, assessments of smoking rates, desire for smoking and exhaled carbon monoxide were measured. Data were analyzed using $x^2$ test, Fisher's exact test, t-test and Repeated measure ANOVA with the SPSS version 21.0 program. Results: The experimental group showed significantly lower smoking rates (t=6.60, p<.001), desire for smoking (t=3.37, p=.002) and exhaled carbon monoxide levels (t=6.22, p<.001) after application of the therapy. Significant group${\times}$time interaction effect was found in exhaled carbon monoxide levels between the experimental group and the control group (F=8.73, p=.001). Conclusion: Auricular acupressure therapy was considered to likely be useful as a therapeutic intervention for smoking cessation in male young adults.
Keywords
Smoking cessation; Acupressure; Carbon monoxide;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 3  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Ahn, H. K., Lee, H. J., Jong, D. S., Lee, S. Y., Kim, S. W., & Kang, J. H. (2002). The reliability and validity of Korean version of questionnaire for nicotine dependence. Journal of Korean Academy of Family Medicine, 23(8), 999-1008.
2 Chen, H. H., Yeh, M. L., & Chao, Y. H. (2006). Comparing effects of auricular acupressure with and without an internet-assisted program on smoking cessation and self-efficacy of adolescents. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine (New York, N.Y.), 12(2), 147-152.   DOI
3 Fagerstrom, K., & Schneider, N. G. (1989). Measuring nicotine dependence: A review of the fagerstrom tolerance questionnaire. Jounal of Behavioral Medicine, 12(2), 159-182.   DOI
4 Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods, 41, 1149-1160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149   DOI
5 Fritz, D. J., Carney, R. M., Steinmeyer, B., Ditson, G., Hill, N., & Cheng, J. Z. (2013). The efficacy of auriculotherapy for smoking cessation. Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine, 26(1), 61-70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.2013.01.120157   DOI
6 Gunnell, D., Irvine, D., Wise, L., Davies, C., & Martin, R. M. (2009). Varenicline and suicidal behaviour: A cohort study based on data from the general practice research database. British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Ed.), 339, b3805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b3805.   DOI
7 Jiloha, R. C. (2008). Tabaco use: Health and behaviour. Daryaganj, Delhi, IND: New Age International.
8 Kong, J. H., & Ha, Y. M. (2013). Effects of a smoking cessation program including telephone counseling and text messaging using stages of change for outpatients after a myocardial infarction. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing, 43(4), 557-567. http://dx.doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2013.43.4.557   DOI
9 Korean Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2014). 2013 Korea youth risk behavior web-based survey. Seoul: Author.
10 Kwon, S. J., & Park, J. S. (2011). Analysis of Korean nursing research on auricular acupuncture and ear acupressure therapy. Keimyung Journal of Nursing Science, 15(1), 103-114.
11 Ministry of Health and Welfare. (2014). Smoking comprehensive measures. Seoul: Author.
12 Lee, J. O., Kim, S. J., Kim, J. S., & Park, H. H. (2010). Ear acupressure therapy. Seoul: Baflog.
13 Leung, L., Neufeld, T., & Marin, S. (2012). Effect of self-administered auricular acupressure on smoking cessation-a pilot study. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 28 (12), 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-12-11
14 Mills, E. J., Wu, P., Lockhart, I., Wilson, K., & Ebbert, J. O. (2010). Adverse events associated with nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) for smoking cessation. A systematic review and meta-analysis of one hundred and twenty studies involving 177,390 individuals. Tobacco Induced Diseases, 8(8). 1-15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1617-9625-8-8   DOI
15 Ministry of Health and Welfare, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2014). Korea health statistics 2013: Korea national health and nutrition examination survey. No. KNHANES VI-1. Korea.
16 OECD. (2012). "Tobacco", in Health at a glance: Asia/pacific 2012 Pari, France: OECD Publishing.
17 Park, S. H., Hwang, J. H., Choi, Y. K., & Kang, C. B. (2012). The effectiveness of smoking cessation program in adults: Systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Korean Journal of Health Education Promotion, 29(3), 1-14.
18 Prochaska, J. O., & DiClemente, C. C., & Norcross, J. C. (1992). In search of how people change. applications to addictive behaviors. The American Psychologist, 47(9), 1102-1114.   DOI
19 Sok, S. H., Gwon, J. Y., & Kim, K. B. (2005). Effects of auricular acupressure therapy on smoking cessation for residents in a community. Journal of East-West Nursing Research, 11(2), 110-115.
20 Sok, S. H., & Kim, K. B. (2006). Effects of auricular acupressure therapy on smoking cessation for male adults in rural areas. Journal of Korean Academy of Adult Nursing, 18(5), 781-789.
21 Sok, S. H., & Kim, K. B. (2007). Effects of auricular acupressure therapy on smoking cessation for female university students. Korean Journal of Woman Health Nursing, 13(1), 28-34.
22 Vanderkooy, J. D., Kennedy, S. H., & Bagby, R. M. (2002). Antidepressant side effects in depression patients treated in a naturalistic setting: A study of bupropion, moclobemide, paroxetine, sertraline, and venlafaxine. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue Canadienne De Psychiatrie, 47(2), 174-180.
23 Waite, N. R., & Clough, J. B. (1998). A single-blind, placebocontrolled trial of a simple acupuncture treatment in the cessation of smoking. British Journal of General Practice, 48(433), 1487-1490.
24 Wang, Y. Z., Chen, H. H., Yeh, M. L., & Lin, S. D. (2010). Auricular acupressure combined with multimedia instruction or alone for quitting smoking in young adults: A quasi-experimental study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 47(9), 1089-1095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2010.02.009   DOI
25 West, R., & Shiffman, S. (2007). Fast facts: Smoking cessation. Oxford: Health Press Limited.
26 White, A. R., Rampes, H., Liu, J. P., Stead, L. F., & Campbell, J. (2014). Acupuncture and related interventions for smoking cessation. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 1, CD000009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD000009.pub4
27 World Health Organization. (2014). Why tobacco is a public health priority. Retrieved August. 22, 2014, from http://www.who.int/int/tobacco/health_priority/en/
28 Zhang, A. L., Di, Y. M., Worsnop, C., May, B. H., Da Costa, C., & Xue, C. C. (2013). Ear acupressure for smoking cessation: A randomised controlled trial. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine: eCAM, 2013, 637073. 1-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/637073   DOI
29 Yeh, M., Chung, Y., Chen, K., & Chen, H. (2011). Pain reduction of acupoint electrical stimulation for patients with spinal surgery: A placebo-controlled study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 48(6), 703-709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2010.10.009   DOI
30 Yeh, M. L., Wang, P. L., Lin, J. G., & Chung, M. L. (2014). The effects and measures of auricular acupressure and interactive multimedia for smoking cessation in college students. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine: eCAM, 2014, 898431. 1-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/898431   DOI