Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.7473/EC.2015.50.3.196

Influence of Extender Oil on Properties of Solution Styrene-Butadiene Rubber Composites  

Choi, Sung-Seen (Department of Chemistry, Sejong University)
Ko, Eunah (Department of Chemistry, Sejong University)
Publication Information
Elastomers and Composites / v.50, no.3, 2015 , pp. 196-204 More about this Journal
Abstract
Crosslink density of a rubber vulcanizate determines the chemical and physical properties, while bound rubber is an important factor to estimate reinforcement of a filled rubber compound. Extender oil is added to a raw rubber with very high molecular weight for improving processability of a rubber composite. Influence of extender oil on crosslink density, bound rubber formation, and physical properties of solution styrene-butadiene rubber (SSBR) composites with differing microstructures was investigated. Crosslink densities of non-oil-extended SSBR (NO-SSBR) vulcanizates were higher than those of oil-extended SSBR (OE-SSBR) ones. Bound rubber contents of NO-SSBR compounds were also greater than those of OE-SSBR ones. The experimental results could be explained by interfering of extender oil. The OE-SSBR vulcanizates had low modulus but long elongation at break, whereas the NO-SSBR ones had high modulus but short elongation at break. It was found that the crosslink densities affected the physical properties more than the bound rubber contents. The moduli increased with increase in the crosslink density irrespective of extender oil, while the elongation at break decreased. Each variation of the tensile strengths of NO-SSBR and OE-SSBR vulcanizates with the crosslink density showed a decreasing trend. Tear strength of the OE-SSBR vulcanizate increased with increase in the crosslink density, whereas variation of the tear strength of NO-SSBR vulcanizate with the crosslink density showed a weak decreasing trend.
Keywords
solution SBR; extender oil; crosslink density; bound rubber; physical property;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 9  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 S.-S. Choi, "Influence of polymer-filler interactions on retraction behaviors of natural rubber vulcanizates reinforced with silica and carbon black", J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 99, 691 (2006).   DOI
2 S.-S. Choi and J.-C. Kim, "Thermal aging behaviors of weather resistant rubber composites of EPDM, IIR, and BIIR", Elast. Compos., 47, 148 (2012).   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Y. Kim and S.-S. Choi, "Microstructural analysis of SBR blends using infrared spectroscopy", Elast. Compos., 49, 103 (2014).   DOI
4 S.-H. Jang, W.-S. Kim, Y.-G. Kang, M.-H. Han, and S.-M. Chang, "Study on mixing condition of the rubber composite containing functionalized S-SBR, silica and silane: II. Effect of mixing temperature and time", Elast. Compos., 48, 103 (2013).   DOI
5 S.-H. Jang, W.-S. Kim, Y.-G. Kang, M.-H. Han, and S.-M. Chang, "Study on mixing condition of the rubber composite containing functionalized S-SBR, silica and silane: I. Effect of mixing temperature", Elast. Compos., 48, 94 (2013).   DOI
6 J. H. Shin, A. M. Shanmugharaj, P. C. Lee, S. K. Jeoung, and S. H. Ryu, "Properties of SBR compound using silica-graphite dual phase filler", Elast. Compos., 49, 66 (2014).   DOI
7 D.-H. Kim and S. Kaang, "Determination of abrasion rate of SBR rubber compounds using a knife-blade abrader", Elast. Compos., 49, 149 (2014).   DOI
8 Y.-C. Ou, Z.-Z. Yu, A. Vidal, and J. B. Donnet, "Effects of alkylation of silica filler on rubber reinforcement", Rubber Chem. Technol., 67, 834 (1994).   DOI
9 Y. Li, M. J. Wang, T. Zhang, F. Zhang, and X. Fu, "Study on Dispersion Morphology of Silica in Rubber", Rubber Chem. Technol., 67, 693 (1994).   DOI
10 A. Mousa and J. Karger-Kocsis, "Rheological and thermodynamical behavior of styrene/butadiene rubber-organoclay nanocomposites", Macromol. Mater. Eng., 286, 260 (2001).   DOI
11 M. Jacoba, S. Thomasa, and K. T. Varughese, "Mechanical properties of sisal/oil palm hybrid fiber reinforced natural rubber composites", Compos. Sci. Technol., 64, 955 (2004).   DOI
12 P. B. Stickney and R. D. Falb, "Carbon black-rubber interactions and bound rubber", Rubber Chem. Technol., 37, 1299 (1964).   DOI
13 G. Kraus, "Reinforcement of elastomers by carbon black", Adv. Polym. Sci., 8, 155 (1971).   DOI
14 C. M. Blow, "Polymer/particulate filler interaction - the bound rubber phenomena Polymer/particulate filler interaction - the bound rubber phenomenaPolymer/particulate filler interaction - the bound rubber phenomena Polymer/particulate filler interaction - the bound rubber phenome", Polymer, 14, 309 (1973).   DOI
15 E. M. Dannberg, "Bound rubber and carbon black reinforcement", Rubber Chem. Technol., 59, 512 (1986).   DOI
16 S. Wolff, M.-J. Wang, and E.-H. Tan, "Improved quantitative determination of elastomers in tire rubber by kinetic simulation of DTG curves", Rubber Chem. Technol., 66, 163 (1993).   DOI
17 A. I. Medalia, "Morphology of aggregates: VI. Effective volume of aggregates of carbon black from electron microscopy; Application to vehicle absorption and to die swell of filled rubber", J. Colloid Interface Sci., 32, 115 (1970).
18 G. Kraus, "A carbon black structure-concentration equivalence principle. Application to stress-strain relationships of filled rubbers", Rubber Chem. Technol., 44, 199 (1971).   DOI
19 S.-S. Choi, K.-J. Hwang, and B.-T. Kim, "Influence of bound polymer on cure characteristics of natural rubber compounds reinforced with different types of carbon blacks", J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 98, 2282 (2005).   DOI
20 S.-S. Choi, "Difference in bound rubber formation of silica and carbon black with styrene-butadiene rubber", Polym. Adv. Technol., 13, 466 (2002).   DOI
21 A. K. Ghosh and B. Adhikari, "Reinforcing properties of a modified carbon black in NR and in an NR-NBR blend", Kautsch. Gummi Kunstst., 52, 681 (1999).
22 G. R. Cotton, "Mixing of carbon black with rubber I. Measurement of dispersion rate by changes in mixing torque", Rubber Chem. Technol., 57, 118 (1984).   DOI
23 S. Wolff and U. Gorl, "The influence of modified carbon-blacks on viscoelastic compound properties", Kautsch. Gummi Kunstst., 44, 941 (1991).
24 T. C. Gruber and C. R. Herd, "Anisometry measurements in carbon black aggregate populations", Rubber Chem. Technol., 70, 727 (1997).   DOI
25 S. Wolff and M.-J. Wang, "Filler-elastomer interactions. Part IV. The effect of the surface energies of fillers on elastomer reinforcement", Rubber Chem. Technol., 65, 329 (1992).   DOI
26 S.-S. Choi, "Filler-polymer interactions in both silica and carbon black-filled styrene-butadiene rubber compounds", J. Polym. Sci.: Part B: Polym. Phys., 39, 439 (2001).   DOI
27 W. J. Kern and S. Futamura, "Effect of tread polymer structure on tyre performance Effect of tread polymer structure on tyre performance Effect of tread polymer structure on tyre performance Effect of tread polymer structure on tyre performance", Polymer, 29, 1801 (1988).   DOI
28 Choi, S.-S. "Improvement of filler dispersion in silica-filled styrene-butadiene rubber compounds using low molecular weight polybutadiene treated with maleic anhydride", Elastomer, 41, 10 (2006).
29 E. Ko and S.-S. Choi, "Characterization and formation of chemical bonds of silica-coupling agent-rubber", Elast. Compos., 49, 239 (2014).   DOI
30 S. Wolff, U. Gorl, M. J. Wang, and W. Wolff, "Silane modified silicas", Eur. Rubber J., 16, 16 (1994).
31 S. Wolff, "Chemical aspects of rubber reinforcement by fillers", Rubber Chem. Technol., 69, 325 (1996).   DOI
32 M.-J. Wang, P. Zhang, and K. Mahmud, "Carbon-silica dual phase filler, a new generation reinforcing agent for rubber: Part IX. Application to truck tire tread compound", Rubber Chem. Technol., 74, 124 (2001).   DOI
33 J. T. Byers, "Fillers for balancing passenger tire tread properties", Rubber Chem. Technol., 75, 527 (2002).   DOI
34 S.-S. Choi, I.-S. Kim, and C.-S. Woo, "Influence of TESPT content on crosslink types and rheological behaviors of natural rubber compounds reinforced with silica", J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 106, 2753 (2007).   DOI
35 N. J. Morrison and M. Porter, "Temperature effects on the stability of intermediates and crosslinks in sulfur vulcanization", Rubber Chem. Technol., 57, 63 (1984).   DOI
36 A. Y. Coran, "Vulcanization: Conventional and dynamic", Rubber Chem. Technol., 68, 351 (1995).   DOI
37 A. L. Gal, X. Yang, and M. Kluppel, "Evaluation of sliding friction and contact mechanics of elastomers based on dynamic-mechanical analysis", J. Chem. Phys., 123, 014704 (2005).   DOI
38 P. P. A. Smit, "Glass transition in carbon black reinforced rubber", Rubber Chem. Technol., 41, 1194 (1968).   DOI
39 I. Pliskin and N. Tokita, "Bound rubber in elastomers: Analysis of elastomer-filler interaction and its effect on viscosity and modulus of composite systems", J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 16, 473 (1972).   DOI
40 J. O'Brien, E. Cashell, G. E. Wardell, and V. J. McBrierty, "An NMR investigation of the interaction between carbon black and cis-polybutadiene", Macromolecules, 9, 653 (1976).   DOI
41 J. L. Leblanc, "Elastomer-filler interactions and the rheology of filled rubber compounds", J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 78, 1541 (2000).   DOI
42 J. L. Leblanc, "Rubber-filler interactions and rheological properties in filled compounds", Prog. Polym. Sci., 27, 627 (2002).   DOI   ScienceOn
43 J. Leopoldes, C. Barres, J. L. Leblanc, and P. Georget, "Influence of filler-rubber interactions on the viscoelastic properties of carbon-black-filled rubber compounds", J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 91, 577 (2004).   DOI
44 S.-S. Choi and E. Ko, "Novel test method to estimate bound rubber formation of silica-filled solution styrene-butadiene rubber compounds", Polym. Test., 40, 170 (2014).   DOI
45 E. Ardrizzi and R. Vivirito, "Rubber processing or and rubber products containing it", US Patent No. 05504135 (1996).
46 C. Flanigan, L. Beyer, D. Klekamp, D. Rohweder, and D. Haakenson, "Using bio-based plasticizers, alternative rubber", Rubber & Plastics News, Feb. 11, 15 (2013).
47 S.-S. Choi and J.-C. Kim, "Lifetime prediction and thermal aging behaviors of SBR and NBR composites using crosslink density changes", J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 18, 1166 (2012).   DOI   ScienceOn
48 S. S. Fernandez and S. Kunchandy, "Effect of nano $CaCO_3$ as a filler and linseed oil as an extender on the cure and mechanical properties of natural rubber vulcanizates", Orient. J. Chem., 29, 219 (2013).   DOI
49 S. Mishra and N. G. Shimpi, "Mechanical and flame-retarding properties of styrene-butadiene rubber filled with nano- $CaCO_3$ as a filler and linseed oil as an extender", J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 98, 2563 (2005).   DOI
50 S.-S. Choi and D.-H. Han, "Strain effect on recovery behaviors from circular deformation of natural rubber vulcanizate", J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 114, 935 (2009).   DOI
51 S.-S. Choi, H.-M. Kwon, Y. Kim, J. W. Bae, and J.-S. Kim, "Characterization of maleic anhydride-grafted ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (MAH-g-EPDM) based thermoplastic elastomers by formation of zinc ionomer", J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 19, 1990 (2013).   DOI
52 P. J. Flory, "Statistical mechanics of swelling of network structures", J. Chem. Phys., 18, 108 (1950).   DOI
53 J. S. Deng and A. I. Isayev, "Injection molding of rubber compounds: Experimentation and simulation", Rubber Chem. Technol., 64, 296 (1991).   DOI
54 A. J. Marzocca, "Evaluation of the polymer-solvent interaction parameter $\chi$ for the system cured styrene butadiene rubber and toluene", Eur. Polym. J., 43, 2682 (2007).   DOI
55 S.-S. Choi, "Influence of storage time and temperature and silane coupling agent on bound rubber formation in filled styrene-butadiene rubber compounds", Polym. Test., 21, 201 (2002).   DOI