Browse > Article

Phyllite as a New Flame Retardant Synergist for ABS Resin Containing Bromine Flame Retardant  

Kim, Seog-Jun (Department of Nano & Chemical Engineering, Kunsan National University)
Publication Information
Elastomers and Composites / v.41, no.3, 2006 , pp. 172-181 More about this Journal
Abstract
Flame retardant synergism of phyllite was studied in ABS resins containing brominated flame retardant(tetrabromobisphenol A(TBBA) or brominated epoxy oligomer(BEO)) and antimony trioxide($Sb_2O_3)$. Talc was used for the comparison purpose. ABS compounds were manufactured by a twin-screw co-rotating extruder and subsequently injection molded into several specimen for mechanical and thermal properties. Flame retardancy of ABS compounds measured by UL 94 vertical test with 1.6 mm thick bar specimen was enhanced by the replacement of antimony trioxide into phyllite or talc in the range of 12.5%(0.5 wt%) to 37.5%(1.5 wt%). Phyllite showed better synergistic effect comparing with talc especially for BEO. Only phyllite enhanced the flowability of ABS compounds. Notched Izod impact strength decreased with the proportion of phyllite or talc content. Phyllite could replace the antimony trioxide up to the content of 25%(1 wt%) to give better flame retardancy and flowability without darkening problem.
Keywords
phyllite; ABS; flame retardant synergist; TBBA; brominated epoxy oligomer;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 J. Green, 'Polymer Modifiers and Additives', ed. by J. T. Lutz, Jr. and R. F. Grossman, Ch. 6, Marcell Dekker, Inc., New York, 2001
2 P. F. Ranken, 'Plastic Additives Handbook', ed. by H. Zweifel, 5th ed., Ch. 12, Hanser Gardner, Ohio, 2001
3 F. Montezin, J. M. Lopez Cuesta, A. Crespy, and P. Georlette, 'Flame Retardant and Mechanical Properties of a Copolymer PP/PE Containing Brominated Compound/ Antimony Trioxide Blends and Magnesium Hydroxide or Tales', Fire and Materials, 21, 245 (1997)   DOI   ScienceOn
4 S. V. Levchik, D. A. Bright, G. R. Alessio, and S. Dashevsky, 'Synergistic Action between Aryl Phosphates and Phenolic Resin in PBT', Polym. Degrad Stab., 77, 267 (2002)   DOI   ScienceOn
5 Y. Liu and Q. Wang, 'Catalytic Action of Phosphotungstic Acid in the Synthesis of Melamine Salts of Pentaerythritol Phosphate and Their Synergistic Effects in Flame Retarded Polypropylene', Polym. Degrad. Stab., 91, 2513 (2006)   DOI   ScienceOn
6 J. T. Yeh, S. H. Hsieh, Y. C. Cheng, M. J. Yang, and K. N. Chen, 'Combustion and Smoke Emission Properties of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Filled with Phosphorus and Metallic Oxides', Polym Degrad Stab., 61, 399 (1998)   DOI   ScienceOn
7 F. Carpentier, S. Bourbigot, M Le Bras, R. Delobel, M. Foulon, 'Charring of Fire Retarded Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer-Magnesium Hydroxide/Zinc Borate Formulations', Polym Degrad. Stab., 69, 83 (2000)   DOI   ScienceOn
8 B. Costes, Y. Henry, G. Muller, A. Lindsay, M. Buckingham, D. Stevenson, G. Camino, S. Levchik, L. Costa, P. L. Chambers, C. M. Chambers, and A. C. Kennedy, 'Development of New Materials with Improved Fire Resistance, Reduced Smoke and Toxicity', Polym. Degrad Stab., 54, 305 (1996)   DOI
9 R. Smith, P. Georlette, I. Finberg, and G. Reznik, 'Development of Environmentally Friendly Multifunctional Flame Retardants for Commodity and Engineering Plastics', Polym. Degrad Stab., 54, 167 (1996)   DOI
10 J. Davis and M. Huggard, 'The Technology of Halogen-Free Flame Retardant Phosphorus Additives for Polymeric Systems', J. Vinyl & Add. Technol., 2, 69 (1996)   DOI
11 L. Yu, W. Wang, and W. Xiao, 'The Effect of Decabromodiphenyl Oxide and Antimony Trioxide on the Flame Retardation of Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Copolymer/Polypropylene Blends', Polym. Degrad. Stab., 86, 69 (2004)   DOI   ScienceOn
12 E. D. Weil and N. G. Patel, 'Iron Compounds in Non-Halogen Flame-Retardant Polyamide Systems', Polym. Degrad Stab., 82, 291 (2003)   DOI   ScienceOn
13 G. Marosi, A. Marton, P. Anna, G. Bertalan, B. Marsfoi, and A. Szep, 'Ceramic Precursor in Flame Retardanr Systems', Polym. Degrad Stab., 77, 259 (2002)   DOI   ScienceOn
14 P. A. Cusack, M. S. Heer, and A. W. Monk, 'Zinc Hydroxystannate as an Alternative Synergist to Antimony Trioxide in Polyester Resins Containing Halogenated Flame Retardants', Polym. Degrad. Stab., 58, 229 (1997)   DOI   ScienceOn
15 G. F. Levchik, S. V. Levchik, and A I. Lesnikovich, 'Mechanism of Action in Flame Retardant Reinforce Nylon 6', Polym. Degrad. Stab, 54, 361 (1996)   DOI
16 T. R. Crompton, 'Practical Polymer Analysis', p. 229, Plenum Press, New York, 1993
17 A. Ballistreri, S. Foti, G. Montaudo, S. Pappalardo, and E. Scamporino, 'Thermal Decomposition of Flame Retardants. Chlorine-Bromine Antagonism in Mixtures of Halogenated Polymers with $Sb_{2}O_{3}$, Polymer, 20, 783 (1979)   DOI   ScienceOn
18 F. K. Antia, C. F. Cullis, and M. M. Hirschler, 'The Combined Action of Aluminum Oxides and Halogen Compounds as Flame Retardants', European Polymer Journal, 17, 451 (1981)   DOI   ScienceOn
19 S. K. Siddhamalli and V. W. Lee, 'Injection Moldable FR-HlPS Formulations Based on Blends of Chlorinated Wax and Non Diphenyl Oxide(DPO)-Brominated Flame Retardant in Conjunction with Metal Oxide/Metal Sulfide Synergists', Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology, 4, 117 (1998)   DOI   ScienceOn
20 B. Toure, J. M. Lopez Cuesta, M, Longerey, and A. Crespy, 'Incorporation of Natural Flame Retardant Fillers in an Ethylene-Propylene Copolymer, in Combination with an Halogen-Antimony System', Polym. Degrad Stab., 54, 345 (1996)   DOI   ScienceOn
21 S. Bourbigot, M. Le Bras, R Leeuwendal, K. K. Shen, and D. Schubert, 'Recent Advances in the Use of Zinc Borates in Flame Retardancy of EVA', Polym. Degrad Stab., 69, 83 (2000)   DOI   ScienceOn
22 J. Green, 'Thermoplastic Polymer Additives', ed. by J. T. Lutz, Jr., Ch. 4, Marcell Dekker, Inc., New York, 1989
23 A. Laachachi, M. Cochez, M. Ferriol, E. Leroy, J. M. Lopez Cuesta, and N. Oget, 'Influence of $Sb_{2}O_{3}$ Particles as Filler on the Thermal Stability and Flammability Properties of Poly(methyl metharylate) (PMMA)', Polym. Degrad Stab., 64, 449 (1999)   DOI   ScienceOn
24 S. Bourbigot, M. Le Bras, R. Delobel, P. Breant, and J.-M Tremillon, '4A Zeolite Synergistic Agent in New Flame Retardant Intumescent Formulations of Polyethylenic Polymers-Study of the Effect of the Constituent Monomers', Polym. Degrad. Stab., 54, 275 (1996)   DOI   ScienceOn
25 S. H. Kandil, M. A. Khattab, M. M. Farid, and S. E. Morsi, 'Ammonium Phosphate-Decabromobiphenyl Oxide Synergistic Effect in Treatment of Polyester/Cotton Blend', Fire and Materials, 14, 59 (2004)   DOI
26 S. R. Owen and J. F. Harper, 'Mechanical, Microscopical and Fire Retardant Studies of ABS Polymers', Polym. Degrad Stab., 64, 449 (1999)   DOI   ScienceOn
27 B. Toure, J. M. Lopez Cuesta, P. Gaudon, A. Benhassaine, and A. Crespy, 'Fire Resistance and Mechanical Properties of a Huntite/Hydromagnesite/Antimony Trioxide/Decabromodiphenyl Oxide Filled PP-PE Copolymer', Polym. Degrad Stab., 53, 371 (1996)   DOI   ScienceOn
28 X. Almeras, M. Le Bras, P. Hornsby, S. Bourbigot, Gy. Marosi, S. Keszei, and F. Poutch, 'Effect of Fillers on the Fire Retardancy of Intumescent Polypropylene Compounds', Polym. Degrad. Stab., 82, 325 (2003)   DOI   ScienceOn
29 S. Bourbigot, S. Duquesne, and C. Jama, 'Polymer Nanocomposites', Macromol. Symp., 233, 180 (2006)
30 G. Morizot and P. Ollivier, 'A Process for the Economic Beneficiation of As- and As-Au-Bearing Antimony Ores. Has the Dream Become a Reality', Minerals Engineering, 6, 841 (1993)   DOI   ScienceOn
31 Z. Wang, B. Qu, W. Fan, and P. Huang, 'Combustion Characteristics of Halogen-Free Flame-Retarded Polyethylene Containing Magnesium Hydroxide and Some Synergists', J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 81, 206 (2001)   DOI   ScienceOn
32 S. Bourbigot, M. Le Bras, R. Delobel, and L. Genembre, 'XPS Study of an Intumescent Coating II. Application to the Ammonium Polyphosphate/Pentaerythritol/Ethylenic Terpolymer Fire Retardant System with and without Synergistic Agent', Applied Surface Science, 120, 15 (1997)   DOI
33 F. K. Antia, C. F. Cullis, and M. M. Hirschler, 'Binary Mixtures of Metal Compound as Flame Retardants for Organic Polymers', European Polymer Journal, 18, 95 (1982)   DOI   ScienceOn
34 A. Petsom, S. Roengsumran, A. Ariyaphattanaakul, and P. Sangvanich, 'An Oxygen Index Evaluation of Flammability for Zinc Hydroxystannate and Zinc Stannate as Synergistic Flame Retardants for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene Copolymer', Polym. Degrad. Stab., 80, 17 (2003)   DOI   ScienceOn