Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.7731/KIFSE.2017.31.5.028

Effects of Fire Curtain and Forced Smoke Ventilation on Smoke Spread to Auditorium in Stage Fire of Theater  

Kim, Jae Han (Department of Fire Protection Engineering, Pukyong Nat'l University)
Kim, Duncan (Korea Testing Laboratory)
Lee, Chi Young (Department of Fire Protection Engineering, Pukyong Nat'l University)
Publication Information
Fire Science and Engineering / v.31, no.5, 2017 , pp. 28-36 More about this Journal
Abstract
In this work, the effects of fire curtain and forced smoke ventilation on smoke spread to auditorium in the stage fire of theater were investigated using the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). For the stage of 31 m (Width)${\times}$34 m (Depth)${\times}$32 m (Height) in dimension, the fast growth fire condition with 10 MW of heat release rate was applied. The forced smoke ventilation was set based on the National Fire Safety Code (NFSC) and previous research. The gap distances between the fire curtain and proscenium wall was established to be 0 m and 0.5 m. When the fire curtain was attached completely to the proscenium wall without any gap, no smoke spread from the stage to the auditorium occurred, independent of forced smoke ventilation. When the gap distance between the fire curtain and proscenium wall was 0.5 m, the smoke layer in the stage descended to the lower height from the bottom than the case without the fire curtain, which was because the smoke spread to auditorium was impeded by the fire curtain. Under the same fire curtain condition, the case with the forced smoke ventilation led to decreasing the mass flow rate of outflow through the gap between the fire curtain and proscenium wall, as compared to the case without the forced smoke ventilation. Based on this study, it was confirmed that the fire curtain and forced smoke ventilation were the effective tools to hold down the smoke spread to the auditorium in the stage fire of theater.
Keywords
Fire Curtain; Forced Smoke Ventilation; Smoke Spread; Theater;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Public Performance Act, $\S$ 2(1) (2016).
2 Culture and Arts Promotion Act, $\S$ 2(2) (2012).
3 S. J. Kim, "A Study on the Sprinkler System Standards about a Stage of Performing Arts Centers in Accordance with NFSC and NFPA", Master's Thesis, Gachon University (2013).
4 KFPA (Korean Fire Protection Association), "Performance Facility Risk Management Guide" (2015).
5 W. S. Lee, S. H. Park, D. Kim, J. K. Park and H. S. Jang, "Manual for Theatre Safety", Theatre Safety Center in Korea Testing Laboratory (2009).
6 Y. J. Yeo, "A Study on the Major Design Factors affecting Ventilation in the Performance Hall Fires", Ph. D. Thesis, Hoseo University (2012).
7 Y. J. Lee "An Application of Performance Based Fire Safety Design in Large indoor Space - Focused on Smoke Exhaust System Design in Theater," Journal of Korean Institute of Fire Investigation, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 75-81, (2004).
8 S. T. Jang and Y. J. Lee, "A Study on the Fire Protection System in the Stage," Journal of Korean Institute of Fire Science & Engineering, Vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 13-19, (1999).
9 H. H. Kim, "A Study on the Improvement of Fire Protection System for Performing Art Center", Master's Thesis, Kyonggi University (2009).
10 J. W. Kwon, "Assessment of Fire Protection Systems in Proscenium Theaters", Case Studies in Fire Safety, Vol. 2, pp. 9-15 (2014).   DOI
11 J. S. Song, "A Study on Estimation of Evacuees in the Event of a Fire during Public Broadcasting", Master's Thesis, Yonsei University (2008).
12 J. Glasa, L. Valasek, P. Weisenpacher and L. Halada, “Use of PyroSim for Simulation of Cinema Fire,” International Journal on Recent Trends in Engineering and Technology, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 51-56, (2012).
13 A. Webb, "FDS Modelling of Hot Smoke Testing, Cinema and Airport Concourse", Master's Thesis, Worcester Polytechnic Institute (2007).
14 J. H. Kim, S. Y. Joo and J. J. Lee, "An Evaluation on Evacuation Safety in Multiplex Cinema based on Fire & Evacuation Simulation," Journal of Korean Institute of Architectural Sustainable Environment and Building Systems, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 7-13, (2007).
15 C. H. Choi and M. K. Cho, "An Evaluation on Evacuation Safety in Training Facilities For Young People based on Fire and Evacuation Simulation," Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 23-32, (2009).
16 NFSC 501, "National Fire Safety Code for Smoke Control System" (2017).
17 B. Karlsson and J. Quintiere, "Enclosure Fire Dynamics", CRC Press (1999).