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Kim KR, Chung TY, Shin H, Son SH, Park KK, Choi JH, Chung WY. 2010. Red Ginseng Saponin Extract Attenuates Murine Collagen-Induced Arthritis by Reducing Pro-inflammatory Responses and Matrix Metalloproteinase-3 Expression. Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 33(4):604-610
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Park EK, Shin YW, Lee HU, Kim SS, Lee YC, Lee BY, Kim DH. 2005. Inhibitory effect of ginsenoside Rb1 and compound K on NO and prostaglandin E2 biosyntheses of RAW264.7 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 28(4):652-656
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Xia ZY, Liu XY, Zhan LY, He YH, Luo T, Xia Z. 2005. Ginsenosides compound (shen-fu) attenuates gastrointestinal injury and inhibits inflammatory response after cardiopulmonary bypass in patients with congenital heart disease. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 130(2):258-264
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Bae EA, Kim NY, Han MJ, Choo MK, Kim DH. 2003. Transformation of ginsenosides to compounds K (IH-901) by latic acid bacteria of human intestine. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 13:9-14
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Chi H, Kim DH, Ji GE. 2005. Transformation of ginsenosides Rb2 and Rc from Panax ginseng by food microorganisms. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 28(11):2102-2105
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Lee SH, Jung BH, Kim SY, Lee EH, Chung BC. 2006. The antistress effect of ginseng total saponin and ginsenoside Rg3 and Rb1 evaluated by brain polyamine level under immobilization stress. Pharmacol. Res. 54(1):46-49
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Kim HG, Kim KY, Cha CJ. 2007. Screening for ginsengfermenting microoragnisms capable of biotransforming ginsenosides. Kor. J. Microbiol. 43(2):142-146
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Cho WC, Chung WS, Lee SK, Leung AW, Cheng CH, Yue KK. 2006. Ginsenoside Re of Panax ginseng possesses significant antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic efficacies in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 550: 173-179
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Heo JH, Lee ST, Chu K, Oh MJ, Park HJ, Shim JY, Kim M. 2008. An open-label trial of Korean red ginseng as an adjuvant treatment for cognitive impairment in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Eur. J. Neurol. 15(8):865-868
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Karikura M, Miyase T, Tanizawa H, Takino Y, Taniyama T, Hayashi T. Studies on absorption, distribution, excretion and metabolism of ginseng saponins. V. The decomposition products of ginsenoside Rb2 in the large intestine of rats. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1990 38(10):2859-2861
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Kim DH, Yu KW, Bae EA, Park HJ, Choi JW. 1998. Metabolism of kalopanaxsaponin B and H by human intestinal bacteria and antidiabetic activity of their metabolites. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 21(4):360-365
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Park S, Kim DH, Paek NS, Kim SS. 2006. Preparation and quality characteristics of the fermentation product of ginseng by lactic acid bacteria (FGL). J. Ginseng Res. 30:88-94
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Vuksan V, Sung MK, Sievenpiper JL, Stavro PM, Jenkins AL, Di Buono M, Lee KS, Leiter LA, Nam KY, Arnason JT, Choi M, Naeem A. 2008. Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng) improves glucose and insulin regulation in wellcontrolled, type 2 diabetes: results of a randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled study of efficacy and safety. Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis. 18(1):46-56
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