Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.15230/SCSK.2017.43.2.157

Anti-inflammatory Effects of Rebaudioside A in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 Macrophage Cells  

Cho, Uk Min (School of Cosmetic Science and Beauty Biotechnology, Semyung University)
Hwang, Hyung Seo (School of Cosmetic Science and Beauty Biotechnology, Semyung University)
Publication Information
Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea / v.43, no.2, 2017 , pp. 157-164 More about this Journal
Abstract
Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) is a perennial plant of the genus Stevia, originated in South America. It stores many forms of glycosides, mainly stevioside and rebaudioside A, in which steviol is the basic structure. Steviol glycosides, widely used as sweeteners, are superior to sugar in sweetness. Recently, it has been reported that steviol glycosides are involved not only in the skin whitening and anti-inflammatory effect but also in enhancing skin barrier function through tight junction regulation. Thus, we examined anti-inflammatory effect of rebaudioside A and tried to identify its potential for improving atopic dermatitis as cosmetic ingredients. To investigate the anti-inflammatory effect, cell viability and mRNA expression level of inflammation-related cytokines were measured using mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells. Cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) assay was carried out to measure cell viability and the maximum concentration without cytotoxicity was set to $250{\mu}M$. A quantitative real-time RT-PCR method was used for the study of the inflammatory suppression of rebaudioside A. Rebaudioside A inhibited expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) up to 47% and COX-2 up to 41% compared to LPS treated condition. NO synthesis was decreased by rebaudioside A. Also, mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-$1{\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells was decreased to 40%, 45% and 59%, respectively, as a concentration-dependent manner. In conclusion, rebaudioside A inhibited the inflammatory response by regulation of cytokine gene expression. From these results, we expect that steviol glycoside, such as rebaudioside A, can be used as a material for improving atopic dermatitis in the future.
Keywords
Steviol; Stevioside; Rebaudioside A; anti-inflammatory effects; RAW264.7;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 2  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 M. Boguniewicz and D. Y. M. Leung, Atopic dermatitis: a disease of altered skin barrier and immune dysregulation, Immunol. Rev., 242(1), 233 (2011).   DOI
2 E. H. Choi, Skin barrier related pathogenesis and its clinical application in atopic dermatitis, Kor. Acad. Asthma Allergy Clin. Immunol., 573 (2012).
3 A. De Benedetto, N. M. Rafaels, L. Y. McGirt, A. I. Ivanov, S. N. Georas, C. Cheadle, and M. Boguniewicz, Tight junction defects in patients with atopic dermatitis, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 127(3), 773 (2011).   DOI
4 Nilesh Morar, Saffron A.G. Willis-Owen, Miriam F. Moffatt, and William O. C. M. Cookson, The genetics of atopic dermatitis, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 118, 24 (2006).   DOI
5 H. Rossiter, F. Van Reijsen, G. C. Mudde, F. Kalthoff, A. F. M. Carla, L. J. Picker, and T. S. Kupper, Skin disease-related T cells bind to endothe lial selectins: expression of cutaneous lymphocyte antigen (CLA) predicts E-selectin but not P-selectin binding, Eur. J. Immunol., 24(1), 205 (1994).   DOI
6 J. W. Kim, Review: Atopic dermatitis from an allergic and immunological point of view, Kor. J. Dermatol., 46(6), 687 (2003).
7 E. E. Aeberhard, S. A. Henderson, N. S. Arabolos, J. M. Griscavage, F. E. Castro, C. T. Barrett, and L. J. Ignarro, Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs inhibit expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase gene, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 208(3), 1053 (1995).   DOI
8 D Salvemini, T. P. Misko, J. L. Masferrer, K. Seibert, M. G. Currie, and P. Needleman, Nitric oxide activates cyclooxygenase enzymes, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 90(15), 7240 (1993).   DOI
9 M. Ishiyama, Y. Miyazono, K. Sasamoto, Y. Ohkura, and K. Ueno, A highly water-soluble disulfonated tetrazolium salt as a chromogenic indicator for NADH as well as cell viability, Talanta, 44(7), 1299 (1997).   DOI
10 L. C. Green, D. A. Wagner, J. Glogowski, P. L. Skipper, J. S. Wishnok, and S. R. Tannenbaum, Analysis of nitrate, nitrite, and [15N]nitrate in biological fluids, Anal. Biochem., 126(1), 131 (1982).   DOI
11 J. MacMicking, Q. W. Xie, and C. Nathan, Nitric oxide and macrophage function, Annu. Rev. Immunol., 15, 323 (1997).   DOI
12 M. E. Turini and R. N. DuBois, Cyclooxygenase-2: a therapeutic target. Annu. Rev. Med., 53, 35 (2002).   DOI
13 S. Y. Kim, M. J. Jo, M. H. Hwangbo, Y. D. Back, T. Y. Jeong, I. J. Cho, and S. Y. Jee, Anti-inflammatory effect of Stevia rebaudiana as a results of NF-${\kappa}B$ and MAPK inhibition, J. Kor. Med. Opthal. & Otolaryngol. & Dermatol., 26(3), 54 (2013).   DOI
14 S. K. Goyal, Samsher, and R. K. Goyal, Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) a bio-sweetener: a review, Int. J. Food Sci. & Nutr., 61(1), 1 (2010).   DOI
15 A. S. Dacome, C. C. Da Silva, C. E. Da Costa, J. D. Fontana, J. Adelmann, and S. C. Da Costa, Sweet diterpenic glycosides balance of a new cultivar of Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.) Bertoni: isolation and quantitative distribution by chromatographic, spectroscopic, and electrophoretic methods, Proc. Biochem., 40(11), 3587 (2005).   DOI
16 H. Misra, M. Soni, N. Silawat, D. Mehta, B. K. Mehta, and D. C. Jain, Antidiabetic acitivity of medium- polar extract from the leaves of Stevia rebaudiana Bert. (Bertoni) on alloxan-induced diabetic rats. J. Pharm. & Bio. Sci., 3(2), 242 (2011).   DOI
17 K. Philippaert, A. Pironet, M. Mesuere, W. Sones, L. Vermeiren, S. Kerselaers, S. Pinto, A. Segal, N. Antoine, C. Gysemans, J. Laureys, K. Lemaire, P. Gilon, E. Cuypers, J. Tytgat, C. Mathieu, F. Schuit, P. Rorsman, K. Talavera, T. Voets, and R. Vennekens, Steviol glycosides enhance pancreatic beta- cell function and taste sensation by potentiation of TRPM5 channel activity. Nat. Commun., 8 (2017).
18 L. Fengyang, F. Yunhe, L. Bo, L. Zhicheng, L. Depeng, L. Edjie, Z. Wen, C. Yongguo, Z. Naisheng, Z. Xichen, and Y. Zhengtao, Stevioside suppressed inflammatory cytokine secretion by downregulation of NF-${\kappa}B$ and MAPK signaling pathways in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, Inflammation, 35(5), 1669 (2012).   DOI
19 S. K. Choi, N. J. Cho, U. M. Cho, J. H. Shim, K. K. Kim, and H. S. Hwang, Inhibitory effect of steviol and its derivatives on cell migration via regulation of tight junction-related protein claudin 8, J. Soc. Cosmet. Sci. Korea, 42, 403 (2016).
20 H. J. Kim, J. U. Shin, and K. H. Lee, Atopic dermatitis and skin barrier dysfunction, Allergy Asthma & Respir. Dis., 1(1), 20 (2013).   DOI
21 C. L. Chaffer and R. A. Weinberg, A perspective on cancer cell metastasis, Science, 331(6024), 1559 (2011).   DOI
22 T. Bieber, Atopic dermatitis, N. Engl. J. Med., 356, 1483 (2008).