Browse > Article

Applying the basic knowledge about regulation of pigmentation towards development of strategies for cutaneous hypopigmentation  

Abdel-Malek, Zalfa A. (Department of Dermatology Cincinnati University College of Medicine Ohio, USA)
Publication Information
Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea / v.28, no.3, 2002 , pp. 7-39 More about this Journal
Abstract
The extensive variation in human cutaneous pigmentation is mainly due to differences in the rate of melanin synthesis by epidermal melanocytes, the relative amounts of eumelanin and pheomelanin synthesized, and the manner and rate of transfer of melanosomes from melanocytes to keratinocytes. Pigmentation is a complex trait that is regulated genetically and environmentally. One gene that has been receiving a lot of attention is the gene for the melanocortin 1 receptor The extensive polymorphism of this gene in human populations suggests its significance in the diversity of pigmentation. Exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation (UV) results in increased synthesis of a variety of growth factors, cytokines and hormones, and in modulation of their receptors in the epidermis. Knowledge about the regulation of pigmentation has led to strategies for clinical treatment of hyperpigmented skin lesions. Three main strategies are: 1) the use of chemicals that interfere with the melanin synthetic pathway, 2) the design of peptides or peptide-mimetics based on the structure of hormones that regulate eumelanin synthesis, and 3) the use of agents that reduce melanosome transfer from melanocytes to keratinocytes. All three strategies are expected to induce hypopigmentation, by inhibiting total melanin synthesis, eumelanin production, or the epidermal melanin unit, respectively.
Keywords
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 The photobiology of melanin pigmentation in human skin /
[ Panthak,M.A.;Hori,Y.;Szabo,G.;Fitzpatrick,T.B.;Kawamura,T.(ed.);Fitzpatrick,T.B.(ed.);Seiji,M.(ed.) ] / Biology on Normal and abnormal Melanocytes
2 Rab3a and SNARE proteins : potential regulators of melanosome movement /
[ Scott,G.;Zhao,Q. ] / J. Invest Dermatol.   ScienceOn
3 An alternative approach to depigmentation by soybean extracts via inhibition of the PAR-2 pathway /
[ Paine,C.;Sharlow,E.;Liebel,F.;Eisinger,M.;Shapiro,S.;Seiberg,M. ] / J. Invest Dermatol.   ScienceOn
4 The relationship between tyrosinase activity and skin color in human foreskins /
[ Iwata,M.;Corn,T.;Iwata,S.;Everett,M.A.;Fuller,B.B. ] / J. Invest. Dermatol.   ScienceOn
5 Contribution of melanogenic proteins to the heterogeneous pigmentation of human melanocytes /
[ Abdel-Malek,Z.;Swope,V.;Collins,C.;Boissy,R.;Zhao,H.;Nordlund,J. ] / J. Cell Sci.
6 Kojic acid, a cosmetic skin whitening agent, is a slow-binding inhibitor of catecholase activity of tyrosinase /
[ Cabanes,J.;Chazarra,S.;Garcia-Carmona,F. ] / J. Pharm Pharmacol.   ScienceOn
7 Ultrastructural comparison of pheo- and eu-melanogenesis in animals /
[ Jimbow,K.;Takeuchi,T.;KlausS.N.(ed.) ] / Pigment Cell
8 Biologic Basis of Pigmentaiton /
[] / Proceedings of the 10th International Pigment Cell Conference
9 An agouti mutation lacking the basic domain induces yellow pigmentation but not obesity in transgenic mice /
[ Miltenberger,R.J.;Mynatt,R.L.;Bruce,B.D.;Wilkison,W.O.;Woychik,R.P.;Michaud,E.J. ] / Proc Natl Acad Sci. U.S.A.   ScienceOn
10 Modulation of melanogenic protein expression during the switch from eu- to pheomelanogenesis /
[ Kobayashi,T.;Vieira,W.D.;Potterf,B.;Sakai,C.;Imokawa,G.;Hearing,V.J. ] / J. Cell Sci.
11 Agouti signaling protein inhibits melanogenesis and the response o human melanocytes to α-melanotropin /
[ Suzuki,I.;Tada,A.;Ollmann,M.M.;Barsh,G.S.;Im,S.;Lamoreux,M.L.;Hearing,V.J.;Nordlund,J.;Abdel-Malek,Z.A. ] / J. Invest. Dermatol.
12 Arbutin : Mechanism of its depigmenting action in human melanocyte culture /
[ Maeda,K.;Fukuda,M. ] / J. Pharmacol. Exp.Ther.
13 Inhibitors of mammalian melanocyte tyrosinase : In vitro comparisons of alkyl esters of gentisic acid with other putative inhibitors /
[ Curto,E.V.;Kwong,C.;Hermersdorfer,H.;Glatt,H.;Santis,C.;Virador,V.;Hearing,V.J,Jr.;Dooley,T.P. ] / Biochem Pharmacol
14 Bioactive motifs of agouti signal protein /
[ Virador,V.M.;Santis,C.;Furumura,M.;Kalbacher,H.;Hearing,V.J. ] / Exp Cell Res.   ScienceOn
15 Novel agouti-related-protein-based melanocortin-1 receptor antagonist /
[ Thirumoorthy,R.;Holder,J.R.;Bauzo,R.M.;Richards,N.G.J.;Edison,A.S.;Haskell-Luevano,C. ] / J. Med. Chem.   ScienceOn
16 Proliferation and propagation of human melanocytes in vitro are affected by donor age and anatomical site /
[ Abdel-Malek,Z.A.;Swope,V.B.;Nordlund,J.J.;Medrano,E.E. ] / Pigment Cell Res.   ScienceOn
17 Production and release of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) derived peptides by human melanocytes and keratinocytes in culture : regulation by ultraviolet B /
[ Chakraborty,A.K.;Funasaka,Y.;Slominski,A.;Ermak,G.;Hwang,J.;Pawelek,J.M.;Ichihashi,M. ] / Biochim. Biophys. Acta   ScienceOn
18 Keratinocytes play a role in regulating distribution patterns of recipient melanosomes in vitro /
[ Minwalla,L.;Zhao,Y.;Le Poole I.C.;Wickett,R.R.;Boissy,R.E. ] / J. Invest. Dermatol.   ScienceOn
19 Melanogenesis in cultured melanocytes can be substantially influenced by L-tyrosine and L-cysteine /
[ Smit,N.P.M.;Van der Meulen H.;Koerten,H.K.;Kolb,R.M.;Mommaas,A.M.;Lentjes,EGWM;Pavel,S. ] / J. Invest. Dermatol.   ScienceOn
20 Eumelanin and pheomelanin contents of human epidermis and cultured melanocytes /
[ Hunt,G.;Kyne,S.;Ito,S.;Wakamatsu,K.;Todd,C.;Thody,A.J. ] / Pigment Cell Res.   ScienceOn
21 Human melanocortin1 receptor variants receptor function and melanocyte response to ultraviolet radiation /
[ Scott,M.C.;Wakamatsu,K.;Ito,S,;Kadekaro,A.L.;Kobayashi,N;Groden,J.;Kavanagh,R.;Takakuwa,T.;Virador,V.;Hearing,V.J.;Abdel-Malek,Z.A. ] / J. Cell Sci.
22 Molecular structure and chromosomal mapping of the human homolog of the agouti gene /
[ Kwon,H.Y.;Bultman,S.J.;Loffler,C.;Chen,W.J.;Furdon,P.J.;Powell,J.G.;Usala,A.L.Wilkison,W.;Hansmann,I.;Woychik,R.P. ] / Proc Natl Acad Sci. U.S.A.   ScienceOn
23 Ex vivo study of skin phototypes /
[ Bessou,S.;Surleve-Bazeille,J.E.;Pain,C.;Donatien,P.;Taieb,A. ] / J. Invest. Dermatol.   ScienceOn
24 Endothelins secreted from human keratinocytes are intrinsic mitogens for human melanocytes /
[ Imokawa,G.;Yada,Y.;Miyagishi,M. ] / J. Biol. Chem.
25 Mechanism of depigmentation by hydroquinone /
[ Jimbow,K.;Obata,H.;Pathak,M.A.;Fitzpatrick,T.B. ] / J. Invest. Dermatol.   ScienceOn
26 The predominant defect in dilute melanocytes is in melanosome distribution and not cell shape, supporting a role of myosin V in melanosome transport /
[ Wei,Q.;Wu,X.;Hammer,J.A.Ⅲ ] / J. Muscle Res. Cell Mot.   ScienceOn
27 Induction of melanogenesis suppression : cellular pharmacology and mode differential action /
[ Mishima,Y.;Hatta,S.;Ohyama,Y.;Inazu,M. ] / Pigment Cell Res.   ScienceOn
28 Binding capacity and activation of the MCI receptors by melanotropic hormones correlate directly with their mitogenic and melanogenic effects on human melanocytes /
[ Suzuki,I.;Cone,R.;Im,S.;Nordlund,J.;Abdel-Malek,Z. ] / Endocrinology   ScienceOn
29 The role of GSH depletion and toxicity in hydroquinone-induced development of enzyme-altered foci. /
[ Stenius,U.;Warholm,M.;Rannug,A.;Walles,S.;Lundberg,I.;Hogberg,J. ] / Carcinogenesis   ScienceOn
30 Targeted disruption of the melanocortin-4 receptor results in obesity in mice /
[ Huszar,D.;Lynch,C.A.;Fairchild-Huntress,V.;Dunmore,J.H.;Fang,Q.;Berkemeier,L.R.;Gu,W.;Kesterson,R.A.;Boston,B.A.;Cone,R.D.;Smith,F.J.;Campfield,L.A.;Burn,P.;Lee,F. ] / Cell   ScienceOn
31 Inhibition of melanosome transfer results in skin lightening /
[ Seiberg,M.;Panic,C.;Sharlow,E.;Costanzo,M.;Andrade-Gorden,P.;Eisinger,M.;Shapiro,S.S. ] / J. Invest Dermatol.   ScienceOn
32 Protease-activated receptor 2, a receptor involved in melanosome transfer, is upregulated in human skin by ultraviolet irradiation /
[ Scott,G.;Deng,A.;Rodriguez-Burford,C.;Seigerg,M.;Han,R.;Babiarz,L.;Grizzle,W.;Bell,W.;Pentland,A. ] / J. Invest Dermatol.   ScienceOn
33 Mitogenic and melanogenic stimulation of normal human melanocytes by melanotropic peptides /
[ Abdel-Malek,Z.;Swope,V.B.;Suzuki,I.;Akcali,C.;Harriger,M.D.;Boyce,S.T.;Urabe,K.;Hearing,V.J. ] / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.   ScienceOn
34 Combinatorial diffusion assay used to identify topically active melanocyte-stimulating hormone antagonists /
[ Quillan,J.M.;Jayawickreme,C.K.;Lerner,M.R. ] / Proc Natl Acad Sci. U.S.A.   ScienceOn
35 Activation of the cAMP pathway by α-melanotropin mediates the response of human melanocytes to UVB light /
[ Im,S.;Moro,O.;Peng,F.;Medran,E.E.;Cornelius,J.;Babcock,G.;Nordlund,J.;Abdel-Malek,Z. ] / Cancer Res.
36 Agouti protein can act independently of melanocyte-stimulating hormone to inhibit melanogenesis /
[ Hunt,G.;Thody,A.J. ] / J. Endocrinol.
37 Interleukins 1α and 6 and tumor necrosis factor-α are paracrine ingibitors of human melanocyte proliferation and melanogenesis /
[ Swope,V.B.;Abdel-Malek,Z.A.;Kassem,L.;Nordlund,J.J. ] / J. Invest. Dermatol.
38 Photobiology of pigment cells /
[ Pathak,M.A.;Jimbow,K.;Fitzpatrick,T.;Seiji,M.(ed.) ] / Phenotypic Expression in Pigment Cells
39 Enhancement of the depigmenting effect of hydroquinone by cystamine and buthionine sulfoximine /
[ Bolognia,J.L.;Sodi,S.A.;Osber,M.P.;Pawelek,J.M. ] / Br. J. Dermatol.   ScienceOn
40 Basic fibroblast growth factor from human keratinocytes is a nutural mitogen for melanocytes /
[ Halaban,R.;Langdon,R.;Birchall,N.;Cuono,C.;Baird,A.;Scott,G.;Moellmann,G.;McGuire,J. ] / J. Cell Biol.   ScienceOn
41 Antagonism of central melanocortin receptors in vitro and in vivo by agouti-related protein /
[ Ollmann,M.M.;Wilson,B.D.;Yang,Y.K.;Kerns,J.A.;Chen,Y.;Gantz,I.;Barsh,G.S. ] / Science   ScienceOn
42 Discovery and structure-function analysis of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone antagonists /
[ Jayawickreme,C.K.;Quillan,J.M.;Graminski,G.F.;Lerner,M.R. ] / J. Biol Chem.
43 Modulation of murine melanocyte function in vitro by agouti signal protein /
[ Sakai,C.;Ollmann,M.;Kobayashi,T.;Adel-Malek,Z.;Muller,J.;Vieira,W.D.;Imokawa,G.;Barsh,G.S.;Hearing,V.J. ] / EMBO J.   ScienceOn
44 Characterization of a putative α-MSH antagonist 153N-6 at melanocortin receptor subtypes by radioligand binding /
[ Chhajlani,V. ] / Peptides   ScienceOn
45 Synthesis of 153N-6 analogues and structure-function analysis at murine melanocortin-1 (MCI) receptors /
[ Sahm,U.G.;Olivier,G.W.J.;Pouton,C.W. ] / Peptides   ScienceOn
46 Induction of skin tanning by the subcutaneous administration of a potent synthetic melanotropin /
[ Levine,N.;Sheftel,S.N.;Eytan,T.;Dorr,R.T.Hadley,M.E.;Weinrach,J.C.;Ertl,G.A.;Toth,K.;Hruby,V.J. ] / JAMA   ScienceOn
47 Mechanism of inhibition of melanogenesis by hydroquinone /
[ Palumbo,A.;d'Ischia,M.;Misurata,G.;Prota,G. ] / Biochim. Biophys. Acta.   ScienceOn