Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.9713/kcer.2021.59.1.127

Air-staging Effect for NOx Reduction in Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion of Domestic Unused Biomass  

Yoon, Sang-Hee (Climate Change Research Division, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER))
Beak, Geon-Uk (Climate Change Research Division, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER))
Moon, Ji-Hong (Climate Change Research Division, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER))
Jo, Sung-Ho (Climate Change Research Division, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER))
Park, Sung-Jin (Climate Change Research Division, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER))
Kim, Jae-Young (Climate Change Research Division, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER))
Seo, Myung-Won (Climate Change Research Division, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER))
Yoon, Sang-Jun (Climate Change Research Division, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER))
Yoon, Sung-Min (Climate Change Research Division, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER))
Lee, Jae-Goo (FEP Convergence Research Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER))
Kim, Joo-Sik (Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul)
Mun, Tae-Young (Climate Change Research Division, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER))
Publication Information
Korean Chemical Engineering Research / v.59, no.1, 2021 , pp. 127-137 More about this Journal
Abstract
Air emission charge for nitrogen oxide as a precursor of fine dust has been introduced and implemented within the country from 2020. Therefore, the development of economical combustion technology for NOx reduction has got more needed urgently. This study investigated the air-staging effect as a way to reduce the NOx during combustion of domestic unused forest biomass, recently possible to secure REC (Renewable Energy Certification) as a substitute for overseas wood pellets in a 0.1 MWth circulating fluidized bed combustion test-rig. Operating conditions were comparison with and without air-staging, the supply position of tertiary air (6.4 m, 8.1 m, 9.4 m in the combustor) and variation of air-staging ratio (Primary air:Secondary air:Tertiary air=91%:9%:0%, 82%:9%:9%, 73%:9%:18%). NO and CO concentrations in flue gas, profiles of temperature and pressure at the height of the combustion, unburned carbon in sampled fly ash and combustion efficiency on operating conditions were evaluated. As notable results, NO concentration with air-staging application under tertiary air supply at 9.4 m in the combustor reduced 100.7 ppm compared to 148.8 ppm without air-staging while, CO concentration increased from 52.2 ppm without air-staging to 99.8 ppm with air-staging. However, among air-staging runs, when tertiary air supply amount at 6.4 m in the combustor increased by air-staging ratio (Primary air:Secondary air:Tertiary air=73%:9%:18%), NO and CO concentrations decreased the lowest 90.8 ppm and 66.1 ppm, respectively. Furthermore, combustion efficiency at this condition was improved to 99.3%, higher than that (98.3%) of run without air-staging.
Keywords
Circulating fluidized bed combustion; Unused forest biomass; Air-staging; NO; Combustion efficiency;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Liu, H., Chaney, J., Li, J. and Sun, C., "Control of NOx Emissions of a Domestic/small-scale Biomass Pellet Boiler by Air Staging," Fuel, 103, 792-798(2013).   DOI
2 Ke, X., Cai, R., Zhang, M., Miao, M., Lyu, J. and Yang, H., "Application of Ultra-low NOx Emission Control for CFB Boilers Based on Theoretical Analysis and Industrial Practices," Fuel Processing Technology, 181, 252-258(2018).   DOI
3 Man, C. K., Gibbins, J. R., Witkamp, J. G. and Zhang, J., "Coal Characterization for NOx Prediction in Air-staged Combustion of Pulverized Coals," Fuel, 84, 2190-2195(2005).   DOI
4 Basu, P., "Combustion of Coal in Circulating Fluidized-bed Boilers: A Review," Chemical Engineering Science, 54(22), 5547-5557(1999).   DOI
5 Reidick, A. and Kremer, H., "Pollutant Formation During Coal Combustion in a CFB Test Furnace," Symposium (International) on Combustion, 26, 3309-3315(1996).
6 de Diego, L. F., Londono, C. A., Wang, X. S. and Gibbs, B. M., "Influence of Operating Parameters on NOx and N2O Axial Profiles in a Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustor," Fuel, 75, 971-978 (1996).   DOI
7 Wang, X. S., Gibbs, B. M. and Rhodes, M. J., "Impact of Air Staging on the Fate of NO and N2O in a Circulating Fluidized-bed Combustor," Combustion and Flame, 99, 508-515(1994).   DOI
8 Carroll, J. P., Finnan, J. M., Biedermann, F., Brunner, T. and Obernberger, I., "Air-staging to Reduce Emissions From Energy Crop Combustion in Small Scale Applications," Fuel, 155, 37-43(2015).   DOI
9 Edvardsson, E., Amand, L.-E., Thunman, H., Leckner, B., Johnsson, F., "Measuring the External Solids Flux in a CFB Boiler," Proceedings 19th FBC Conferance, May 21-24, Vienna Austria, (2006).
10 Winter, F., "Formation and Reduction of Pollutants in CFBC: From Heavy Metals, Particulates, Alkali, NOx, N2O, SOx, HCl," Proceedings of the 20th international conference on fluidized bed combustion, Springer, 43-48(2010).
11 Li, J., Zhang, X., Yang, W. and Blasiak, W., "Effects of Flue Gas Internal Recirculation on NOx and SOx Emissions in a Co-firing Boiler," International Journal of Clean Coal and Energy, 2, 13-21(2013).
12 Fan, W., Lin, Z., Kuang, J. and Li, Y., "Impact of Air Staging Along Furnace Height on NOx Emissions from Pulverized Coal Combustion," Fuel Processing Technology, 91, 625-634(2010).   DOI
13 Saikaew, T., Supudommak, P., Mekasut, L., Piumsomboon, P. and Kuchonthara, P., "Emission of NOx and N2O from Co-combustion of Coal and Biomasses in CFB Combustor," Greenhouse Gas Control, 10, 26-32(2012).   DOI
14 Li, J. J., Zhang, M., Yang, H. R., Lu, J. F., Zhao, X. and Zhang, J. C., "The Theory and Practice of NOx Emission Control for Circulating Fluidized Bed Boilers Based on the Re-specification of the Fluidization State," Fuel Processing Technology, 150, 88-93(2016).   DOI
15 Easterly, J. L. and Burnham, M., "Overview of Biomass and Waste Fuel Resources for Power Production," Biomass Bioenergy, 10, 79-92(1996).   DOI
16 Barnes, I., "Operating Experience of Low Grade Fuels in Circulating Fludized Bed Combustion (CFBC) Boilers," IEA Clean Coal Centre(2015).
17 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, "Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) Why and How They are Controlled," EPA-456/F-99-006R(1999).
18 Mingxin, X., Shiyuan, L., Wei, L. and Qinggang, L., "Effects of Gas Staging on the NO Emission during O2/CO2 Combustion with High Oxygen Concentration in Circulating Fluidized Bed," Energy Fuels, 29(5), 3302-3311(2015).   DOI
19 Zhou, H., Li, Y., Li, N., Qiu, R. C. and Cen, K., "Conversions of Fuel-N to NO and N2O During Devolatilization and Char Combustion Stages of a Single Coal Particle Under Oxy-fuel Fluidized Bed Conditions," Journal of the Energy Institute, 92, 351-363(2019).   DOI
20 Hill, S. C. and Douglas Smoot, L., "Modeling of Nitrogen Oxides Formation and Destruction in Combustion Systems," Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 26, 417-458(2000).   DOI
21 Ren, X., Sun, R., Meng. X., Vorobiev, N., Schiemann, M. and Levendis, Y. A., "Carbon, Sulfur and Nitrogen Oxide Emissions from Combustion of Pulverized Raw and Torrefied Biomass," Fuel, 188, 310-323(2017).   DOI
22 http://www.forest.go.kr/kfsweb/kfs/idx/Index.do.
23 http://www.me.go.kr.
24 Mahmoudi, S., Baeyens, J. and Seville, J. P. K., "NOx Formation and Selective Non-catalytic Reduction (SNCR) in a Fluidized Bed Combustor of Biomass," Biomass and Bioenergy, 34(9), 1393-1409 (2010).   DOI
25 Laskawiec, K., Gebarowski, P. and Malolepszy, J., "Effect of De-NOx Techniques Employed in Thermal Power Plants on Fly Ash Properties," Acta Energetica, 29, 58-63(2016).
26 IEA, Air Staging for NOx Control (overfire air and two-stage combustion), (2018).
27 Arjunwadkar, A., Basu, P. and Acharya, B., "A Review of Some Operation and Maintenance Issues of CFBC Boilers," Applied Therm Engineering, 102, 672-694(2016).   DOI
28 Kassman, H., Karlsson, M. and Amand, L.-E., "Influence of Air-staging on the Concentration Profiles of NH3 and HCN in the Combustion Chamber of a CFB Boiler Burning Coal," Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion, May 16-19, Savannah Georgia(1999).
29 Xiao, Y., Song, G., Song, W., Yang, W., Yang, Z. and Lyu, Q., "Influence of Feeding Position and Post-combustion Air Arrangement on NOx Emission from Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion with Post-combustion," Fuel, 269, 117394(2020).   DOI
30 Johnsson, J. E., "Formation and Reduction of Nitrogen Oxides in Fluidized-bed Combustion," Fuel, 73, 1398-1415(1994).   DOI
31 Reza, M. T., Lynam, J. G., Uddin, H. and Coronella, C. J., "Hydrothermal Carbonization: Fate of Inorganics," Biomass Bioenergy, 49, 86-94(2013).   DOI
32 Mun, T. Y., Tumsa, T. Z., Lee, U. D. and Yang, W., "Performance Evaluation of Co-firing Various Kinds of Biomass with Low Rank Coals in a 500 MWe Coal-fired Power Plant," Energy, 115, 954-962(2016).   DOI
33 Pronobis, M., "Evaluation of the Influence of Biomass Co-combustion on Boiler Furnace Slagging by Means of Fusibility Correlations," Biomass and Bioenergy, 28, 375-383(2005).   DOI