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http://dx.doi.org/10.9713/kcer.2016.54.4.519

Synthesis of Renewable Jet Fuel Precursors from C-C Bond Condensation of Furfural and Ethyl Levulinate in Water  

Cai, Chiliu (Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences)
Liu, Qiying (Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences)
Tan, Jin (Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences)
Wang, Tiejun (Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences)
Zhang, Qi (Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences)
Ma, Longlong (Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences)
Publication Information
Korean Chemical Engineering Research / v.54, no.4, 2016 , pp. 519-526 More about this Journal
Abstract
Biomass derived jet fuel is proven as a potential alternative for the currently used fossil oriented energy. The efficient production of jet fuel precursor with special molecular structure is prerequisite in producing biomass derived jet fuel. We synthesized a new jet fuel precursor containing branched $C_{15}$ framework by aldol condensation of furfural (FA) and ethyl levulinate (EL), where the latter of two could be easily produced from lignocellulose by acid catalyzed processes. The highest yield of 56% for target jet fuel precursor could be obtained at the optimal reaction condition (molar ratio of FA/EL of 2, 323 K, 50 min) by using KOH as catalyst. The chemical structure of $C_{15}$ precursor was specified as (3E, 5E)-6-(furan-2-yl)-3-(furan-2-ylmethylene)-4-oxohex-5-enoic acid ($F_2E$). For stabilization, this yellowish solid precursor was hydrogenated at low temperature to obtain C=C bonds saturated product, and the chemical structure was proposed as 4-oxo-6-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-3-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-methyl hexanoic acid ($H-F_2E$). The successful synthesis of the new jet fuel precursors showed the significance that branched jet fuel could be potentially produced from biomass derived FA and EL via fewer steps.
Keywords
Aldol Condensation; Furfural; Ethyl Levulinate; Jet Fuel Precursor; Biomass;
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