Browse > Article

Characterization of Heavy Metals Including Mercury and Fine Particulate Emitted from a Circulating Fluidized Bed Power Plant Firing Anthracite Coals  

Kim, Jeong-Hun (Department of Environmental Engineering, YIEST, Yonsei University)
Yoo, Jong-Ik (Department of Environmental Engineering, YIEST, Yonsei University)
Seo, Yong-Chil (Department of Environmental Engineering, YIEST, Yonsei University)
Publication Information
Korean Chemical Engineering Research / v.48, no.2, 2010 , pp. 268-274 More about this Journal
Abstract
Emission of heavy metals as hazardous air pollutants has been focused with tightening regulatory limits due to their hazardousness. Measurements and characteristic investigations of heavy metals emitted from a commercial power plant burning anthracite coal have been carried out. The plant consists of a circulating fluidized bed combustor, a cyclone, a boiler and an electrostatic precipitator(ESP) in series. Dust and gaseous samples were collected to measure main heavy metals including gaseous mercury before ESP and at stack. Dust emissions as total particulate matter (TPM), PM-10 and PM-2.5 at inlet of ESP were very high with 23,274, 9,555 and $7,790mg/Sm^3$, respectively, as expected, which is much higher than those from pulverized coal power plants. However TPM at stack was less than $0.16mg/Sm^3$, due to high dust removal efficiency by ESP. Similarly heavy metals emission showed high collection efficiency across ESP. From particle size distribution and metal enrichment in sizes, several metal concentrations could be correlated with particle size showing more enrichment in smaller particles. Mercury unlike other solid metals behaved differently by emitting as gaseous state due to high volatility. Removal of mercury was quite less than other metals due to it's volatility, which was 68% only. Across ESP, speciation change of mercury from elemental to oxidized was clearly shown so that elemental mercury was half of total mercury at stack unlike other coal power plants which equipped wet a scrubber.
Keywords
Circulating Fluidized Combustor; Heavy Metals; Mercury; Dust Emissions;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Linak, W. P., Miller, C. A. and Wendt, J. O. L., "Fine Particle Emission from Residual Fuel Oil Combustion : Characterization and Mechanism of Formation," Proc. Combust. Inst. 2651-2658 (2000).
2 Park, K. S., Seo, Y. C., Lee, S. J. and Lee, J. H., "Emission and Speciation of Mercury from Various Combustion Sources," Powder Technol. 180, 151-156(2008).   DOI
3 Pavlish, J. H., Sondreal, E. A., Mann, M. D., Olson, E. S., Galbreath, K. C., Laudal, D. L. and Benson, S. A., "Status Review of Mercury Control Options for Coal-Fired Power Plants," Fuel Process. Technol., 82, 89-165(2003).   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Chang, M. B., Huang, C. K., Wu, H. T., Lin, J. J. and Chang, S. H., "Characteristics of Heavy Metals on Particles with Different Sizes from Municipal Solid Waste Incineration," J. Hazard. Mater. 79(3), 229-239(2000).   DOI   ScienceOn
5 Kim, J. H., Pudasainee, D., Lee, S. H. and Seo, Y. C., "Emission Characteristics of Toxic Metals and VOCs from Fossil Fuel Power Plants", 1st Asian Conference on Innovative Energy and Environmental Chemical Engineering(ASCON-IEEChE), August, Japan(2008).
6 US EPA Method 201A-Determination of PM-10 Emissions(Constant Sampling Rate Procedure).
7 Meij, R., "Tracking Trace Elements at a Coal Fired Plant Equipped with a Wet Flue Gas Desulphurization Facility", Kema Sci. Technol. Rep., Special Issue 7(5), 269-355(1989).
8 Linak, W. P., Miller, C. A. and Wendt, J. O. L., "Comparison of Particle Size Distributions and Elemental Partitioning from the Combustion of Pulverized Coal and Residual Fuel Oil," J Air Waste Manage Assoc., 50(8), 1532-1544(2000).   DOI
9 US EPA Method 101A-Determination of Particulate and Gaseous Mercury Emission from Sewage Sludge Incinerators, 2000.
10 Lee, S. J., Seo, Y. C., Jang, H. N., Park, K. S., Baek, J. I., An, H. S. and Song, K. C., "Speciation and Mass Distribution of Mercury in a Bituminous Coal-Fired Power Plant, " Atmos. Environ., 40, 2215-2224(2006).   DOI   ScienceOn
11 William, P., Linak, W. P. and Wendt, J. O. L., "Trace Metal Transformation Mechanisms During Coal Combustion", Fuel Process. Technol. 39, 173-198(1994).   DOI   ScienceOn
12 Yoo, J. I. and Seo, Y. C., "Particle-Size Distributions and Heavy Metal Partitioning in Emission Gas from Different Coal-Fired Power Plants," Environ. Eng. Sci. 22(2), 272-279(2005).   DOI   ScienceOn
13 ASTM D6784-02, Standard Test Method for Elemental, Oxidized, Particle-Bound and Total Mercury in Flue Gas Generated from Coal-Fired Stationary Sources(Ontario Hydro Method).
14 Helble, J. J., "Trace Element Behavior During Coal Combustion: Results of a Laboratory Study," Fuel Process. Technol. 39, 159-172(1994).   DOI   ScienceOn
15 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Control of Mercury Emissions from Coal-Fired Electric Utility Boilers, EPA-600/R-01-109(2002).
16 Pudasainee, D., Lee, S. J., Lee, S. H., Kim, J. H., Jang, H. N., Cho, S. H. and Seo, Y. C., "Effect of Selective Catalytic Reactor on Oxidation and Enhanced Removal of Mercury in Coal-Fired Power Plants," FUEL. DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel., 2009. 06. 022.
17 US EPA Method 5-Determination of Particulate Matter Emissions from Stationary Sources(1977).
18 US EPA Method 3050 B, Test method for Evaluating Solid Waste, SW-846-3050B, Acid Digestion of Sediments, Sludges, and Soils, 3rd Edition US EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, US Government Printing Office, Washington DC.