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http://dx.doi.org/10.5714/CL.2018.27.042

Surface modification of graphene oxide by citric acid and its application as a heterogeneous nanocatalyst in organic condensation reaction  

Maleki, Ali (Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology)
Hajizadeh, Zoleikha (Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology)
Abbasi, Hamid (Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology)
Publication Information
Carbon letters / v.27, no., 2018 , pp. 42-49 More about this Journal
Abstract
A citric acid functionalized graphene oxide nanocomposite was successfully synthesized and the structure and morphology of the nanocatalyst were comprehensively characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, X-ray diffraction patterns, atomic force microscopy images, scanning electron microscopy images, transmission electron microscopy images, and thermogravimetric analysis. The application of this nanocatalyst was exemplified in an important condensation reaction to give imidazole derivatives in high yields and short reaction times at room temperature. The catalyst shows high catalytic activity and could be reused after simple work up and easy purification for at least six cycles without significant loss of activity, which indicates efficient immobilizing of citrate groups on the surface of graphene oxide sheets.
Keywords
graphene oxide; citric acid; heterogeneous catalyst; nanocomposite; imidazole;
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