Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5714/CL.2015.16.3.171

Mesophase formation behavior in petroleum residues  

Kumar, Subhash (Heavy Oil Processing Area, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum)
Srivastava, Manoj (Heavy Oil Processing Area, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum)
Publication Information
Carbon letters / v.16, no.3, 2015 , pp. 171-182 More about this Journal
Abstract
Mesophase pitch is an important starting material for making a wide spectrum of industrial and advanced carbon products. It is produced by pyrolysis of petroleum residues. In this work, mesophase formation behavior in petroleum residues was studied to prepare environmentally-benign mesophase pitches, and the composition of petroleum residues and its influence on the mesophase formation was investigated. Two petroleum residues, i.e., clarified oil s (CLO-1, CLO-2) obtained from fluid catalytic cracking units of different Indian petroleum refineries, were taken as feed stocks. A third petroleum residue, aromatic extract (AE), was produced by extraction of one of the CLO-1 by using N-methyl pyrrolidone solvent. These petroleum residues were thermally treated at 380℃ to examine their mesophase formation behavior. Mesophase pitches produced as a result of thermal treatment were characterized physico-chemically, as well as by instrumental techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetry/derivative thermogravimetry. Thermal treatment of these petroleum residues led to formation of a liquid-crystalline phase (mesophase). The mesophase formation behavior in the petroleum residues was analyzed by optical microscopy. Mesophase pitch prepared from CLO-2 exhibited the highest mesophase content (53 vol%) as compared to other mesophase pitches prepared from CLO-1 and AE.
Keywords
clarified oil; aromatic extract; mesophase pitch; optical microscopic analysis;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Rongbao L, Zengmin S, Bailing L. Structural analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons derived from petroleum and coal by 13C and 1H-n.m.r. spectroscopy. Fuel, 67, 565 (1988). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(88)90355-9.   DOI
2 Dickinson EM. Structural comparison of petroleum fractions using proton and 13C n.m.r. spectroscopy. Fuel, 59, 290 (1980). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(80)90211-2.   DOI
3 Álvarez P, Díez N, Blanco C, Santamaría R, Menéndez R, Granda M. An insight into the polymerization of anthracene oil to produce pitch using nuclear magnetic resonance. Fuel, 105, 471 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2012.09.047.   DOI
4 Guillén MD, Díaz C, Blanco CG. Characteristics of coal tar pitches with different softening point by 1H NMR: role of the different kinds of protons in the thermal process. Fuel Process Technol, 58, 1 (1998). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-3820(98)00080-0.   DOI
5 Greinke RA. Chemical bond formed in thermally polymerized petroleum pitch. Carbon, 30, 407 (1992). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0008-6223(92)90038-X.   DOI
6 de Castro LD. Anisotropy and mesophase formation towards carbon fibre production from coal tar and petroleum pitches: a review. J Braz Chem Soc, 17, 1096 (2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0103-50532006000600006.   DOI
7 Friel JJ, Mehta S, Mitchell GD, Karpinski JM. Direct observation of the mesophase in coal. Fuel, 59, 610 (1980). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(80)90121-0.   DOI
8 Guillen MD, Iglesias MJ, Dominguez A, Blanco CG. Semi-quantitative FTIR analysis of coal tar pitch and its extracts and residues in several organic solvents. Energy Fuel, 6, 518 (1992). http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef00034a025.   DOI
9 Fernández JJ, Figueiras A, Granda M, Bermejo J, Parra JB, Menéndez R. Modification of coal-tar pitch by air-blowing II. Influence on coke structure and properties. Carbon, 33, 1235 (1995). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0008-6223(95)00062-I.   DOI
10 Marsh H, Walker PL. The formation of graphitizable carbon via mesophase chemical and kinetic considerations. In: Walker PL Jr., Thrower PA, eds., Chemistry and Physics of Carbon, Vol. 15, Marcel Dekker, New York, NY, 229 (1979).
11 Marsh H, Martínez-Escandell M, Rodríguez-Reinoso F. Semicokes from pitch pyrolysis: mechanism and kinetics. Carbon, 37, 363 (1999). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6223(98)00205-X.   DOI
12 Torregrosa-Rodríguez P, Martínez-Escandell M, RodríguezReinoso F, Marsh H, de Salazar CG, Palazón ER. Pyrolysis of petroleum residues: II. Chemistry of pyrolysis. Carbon, 38, 535 (2000). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6223(99)00133-5.   DOI
13 Halim HP, Im JS, Lee CW. Preparation of needle coke from petroleum by-products. Carbon Lett, 14, 152 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.5714/CL.2013.14.3.152.   DOI
14 Acuna C, Marzin R, Perruchoud RC. Petroleum pitch, a real alternative to coal tar pitch as binder for anode production. Light Metals: Proceedings of the technical sessions presented by the TMS Aluminum Committee at the 126th TMS Annual Meeting, Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, Warrendale, PA, 549 (1997).
15 Eser S, Jenkins RG. Carbonization of petroleum feedstocks. I: Relationships between chemical constitution of the feedstocks and mesophase development. Carbon, 27, 877 (1989). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0008-6223(89)90038-9.   DOI
16 Mannweiler U, Perruchoud R, Marzin R, Acuna C. Reduction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by using petroleum pitch as binder material: a comparison of anode properties and anode behavior of petroleum pitch and coal tar pitch anodes. Light Metals: Proceedings of the technical sessions presented by the TMS AluminumCommittee at the 126th TMS Annual Meeting, Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, Warrendale, PA, 555 (1997).
17 Greinke RA. Kinetics of petroleum pitch polymerization by gel permeation chromatography. Carbon, 24, 677 (1986). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0008-6223(86)90175-2.   DOI
18 Eie M, Sorlie M, Oye HA. Evaporation and vapour characterization of low-PAH binders for soderberg cells. Light Metals: Proceedings of the technical sessions presented by the TMS Aluminum Committee at the 125th TMS Annual Meeting, Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, Warrendale, PA, 469 (1996).
19 Speight JG. The Chemistry and Technology of Petroleum. 4th ed., Marcel Dekker, New York, NY (2006).
20 Krebs V, Elalaoui M, Mareche JF, Furdin G, Bertau R. Carbonization of coal-tar pitch under controlled atmosphere. Part I: Effect of temperature and pressure on the structural evolution of the formed green coke. Carbon, 33, 645 (1995). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0008-6223(94)00150-X.   DOI
21 Edwards WF, Jin L, Thies MC. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry: obtaining reliable mass spectra for insoluble carbonaceous pitches. Carbon, 41, 2761 (2003). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6223(03)00386-5.   DOI
22 Heavy Oil Division, Refining Section of the Japan. Characterization of heavy oils and its application (Part 2). Low temperature cracking of heavy oils. J Jpn Petrol Inst, 24, 54 (1981). http://dx.doi.org/10.1627/jpi1958.24.54.   DOI
23 Mochida I, Oyama T, Fei YQ, Furuno T, Korai Y. Optimization of carbonization conditions for needle coke production form a low sulfur petroleum vacuum residue. J Mater Sci, 23, 298 (1988). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01174069.   DOI
24 Marsh H, Dachille F, Melvin J, Walker PL Jr. The carbonisation of anthracene and biphenyl under pressures of 300 MNm (3 kbar). Carbon, 9, 159 (1971). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0008-6223(71)90128-X.   DOI
25 White JL, Price RJ. The formation of mesophase microstructures during the pyrolysis of selected coke feedstocks. Carbon, 12, 321 (1974). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0008-6223(74)90073-6.   DOI
26 Heavy Oil Division, Refining Section of the Japan. Characterization of heavy oils and its application (Part 1). Characterization of heavy oils. J Jpn Petrol Inst, 24, 44 (1981). http://dx.doi.org/10.1627/jpi1958.24.44.   DOI
27 Klett JW. High-thermal conductivity mesophase pitch-derived carbon foam. Proceedings of the 43rd International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition, Anaheim, CA, 745 (1998).
28 Ramos-Fernández JM, Martínez-Escandell M, Reinoso FR. Preparation of mesophase pitch doped with TiO2 or TiC particles. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis, 80, 477 (2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2007.06.005.   DOI
29 Mochida I, Oyama T, Korai Y. Formation scheme of needle coke from FCC-decant oil. Carbon, 26, 49 (1988). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0008-6223(88)90008-5.   DOI
30 Oya A. Introduction to Carbon Technologies. In: Marsh H, Heintz EA, Rodriguez-Reinoso F, eds., Universidad de Alicante, Spain, 566 (1997).
31 Harry M, Carolyn SL. The chemistry of mesophase formation. Petroleum-Derived Carbon, ACS Symposium Series, Vol. 303, American Chemical Society, Chapter 1 (1986). http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1986-0303.ch001.   DOI
32 Blanco C, Santamaria R, Bermejo J, Bonhomme J, Menendez R. Microstructure and properties of pitch-based carbon composites. J Microsc, 196, 213 (1999). http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2818.1999.00555.x.   DOI
33 Wang YG, Korai Y, Mochida I. Carbon disc of high density and strength prepared from synthetic pitch-derived mesocarbon microbeads. Carbon, 37, 1049 (1999). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6223(98)00298-X.   DOI
34 Korai Y, Ishida S, Watanabe F, Yoon SH, Wang YG, Mochida I, Kato I, Nakamura T, Sakai Y, Komatsu M. Preparation of carbon fiber from isotropic pitch containing mesophase spheres. Carbon, 35, 1733 (1997). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6223(97)00128-0.   DOI
35 Wakihara M. Recent developments in lithium ion batteries. Mater Sci Eng, R33, 109 (2001). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0927-796X(01)00030-4.   DOI
36 Yamada Y, Imamura T, Kakiyama H, Honda H, Oi S, Fukuda K. Characteristics of meso-carbon microbeads separated from pitch. Carbon, 12, 307 (1974). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0008-6223(74)90072-4.   DOI
37 Brooks JD, Taylor GH. The formation of some graphitizing carbons. In: Walker PL Jr., ed., Chemistry and Physics of Carbon, Vol. 4, Marcel Decker, New York, NY, 243 (1968).
38 Wang G, Eser S. Molecular composition of the high-boiling components of needle coke feedstocks and mesophase development. Energy Fuels, 21, 3563 (2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef0605403.   DOI