Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5714/CL.2015.16.2.093

Effect of surface modification of carbon felts on capacitive deionization for desalination  

Lee, Jong-Ho (Department of Chemistry, Hanseo University)
Ahn, Hong-Joo (Nuclear Chemistry Section, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute)
Cho, Donghwan (Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology)
Youn, Jeong-Il (School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University)
Kim, Young-Jig (School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University)
Oh, Han-Jun (Department of Materials Science, Hanseo University)
Publication Information
Carbon letters / v.16, no.2, 2015 , pp. 93-100 More about this Journal
Abstract
Surface modified carbon felts were utilized as an electrode for the removal of inorganic ions from seawater. The surfaces of the carbon felts were chemically modified by alkaline and acidic solutions, respectively. The potassium hydroxide (KOH) modified carbon felt exhibited high Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface areas and large pore volume, and oxygen-containing functional groups were increased during KOH chemical modification. However, the BET surface area significantly decreased by nitric acid ($HNO_3$) chemical modification due to severe chemical dissolution of the pore structure. The capability of electrosorption by an electrical double-layer and the efficiency of capacitive deionization (CDI) thus showed the greatest enhancement by chemical KOH modification due to the appropriate increase of carboxyl and hydroxyl functional groups and the enlargement of the specific surface area.
Keywords
carbon felt; functional group; capacitive deionization; desalination;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 3  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Zou L, Morris G, Qi D. Using activated carbon electrode in electrosorptive deionisation of brackish water. Desalination, 225, 329 (2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2007.07.014.   DOI
2 Xu P, Drewes JE, Heil D, Wang G. Treatment of brackish produced water using carbon aerogel-base capacitive deionization technology. Water Res, 42, 2605 (2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2008.01.011.   DOI
3 Gabelich CJ, Tran TD, Suffet IHM. Electrosorption of inorganic salts from aqueous solution using carbon aerogels. Environ Sci Technol, 36, 3010 (2002). http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es0112745.   DOI
4 Lee SY, Ang WS, Elimelech M. Fouling of reverse osmosis membranes by hydrophilic organic matter: implications for water reuse. Desalination, 187, 313 (2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2005.04.090.   DOI
5 Chen Z, Song C, Sun X, Guo H, Zhu G. Kinetic and isotherm studies on the electrosorption of NaCl from aqueous solutions by activated carbon electrodes. Desalination, 267, 239 (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2010.09.033.   DOI
6 Porada S, Zhao R, van der Wal A, Presser V, Biesheuvel PM. Review on the science and technology of water desalination by capacitive deionization. Prog Mater Sci, 58, 1388 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2013.03.005.   DOI
7 Lee D, Jung JY, Park MS, Lee YS. Preparation of novolac-type phenol-based activated carbon with a hierarchical pore structure and its electric double-layer capacitor performance. Carbon Lett, 15, 192 (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.5714/CL.2014.15.3.192.   DOI
8 Lee HM, Kim HG, An KH, Kim BJ. Effects of pore structures on electrochemical behaviors of polyacrylonitrile-based activated carbon nanofibers by carbon dioxide activation. Carbon Lett, 15, 71 (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.5714/CL.2014.15.1.071.   DOI   ScienceOn
9 Chiu KL, Ng DHL. Synthesis and characterization of cotton-made activated carbon fiber and its adsorption of methylene blue in water treatment. Biomass Bioenergy, 46, 102 (2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2012.09.023.   DOI
10 Seredych M, Hulicova-Jurcakova D, Lu GQ, Bandosz T. Surface functional groups of carbons and the effects of their chemical character, density and accessibility to ions on electrochemical performance. Carbon, 46, 1475 (2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2008.06.027.   DOI
11 Biniak S, Szymanski G, Siedlewski J, Switkowskib A. The characterization of activated carbons with oxygen and nitrogen surface groups. Carbon, 35, 1799 (1997). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6223(97)00096-1.   DOI
12 Bandosz TJ, Ania CO. Surface chemistry of activated carbons and its characterization. In: Bandosz TJ, ed. Activated Carbon Surfaces in Environmental Remediation, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 159 (2006).
13 Zawadzki J. IR spectroscopy in carbon surface chemistry. In: Thrower PA, ed. Chemistry and Physics of Carbon, Vol. 21, Dekker, New York, 180 (1989).
14 Stobinski L, Lesiak B, Kover L, Toth J, Biniak S, Trykowski G, Judek J. Multiwall carbon nanotubes purification and oxidation by nitric acid studied by the FTIR and electron spectroscopy methods. J Alloys Compd, 501, 77 (2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.04.032.   DOI   ScienceOn
15 Shin S, Jang J, Yoon SH, Mochida I. A study on the effect of heat treatment on functional groups of pitch based activated carbon fiber using FTIR. Carbon, 35, 1739 (1997). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6223(97)00132-2.   DOI
16 Kim J, Park SJ, Kim S. Capacitance behaviors of polyaniline/graphene nanosheet composites prepared by aniline chemical polymerization. Carbon Lett, 14, 51 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.5714/CL.2012.14.1.051.   DOI   ScienceOn
17 Yang XH, Wang YG, Xiong HM, Xia YY. Interfacial synthesis of porous $MnO_2$ and its application in electrochemical capacitor. Electrochim Acta, 53, 752 (2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2007.07.043.   DOI
18 Zawadzki J, Wisniewski M, Skowronska K. Heterogeneous reactions of $NO_2$ and NO-$O_2$ on the surface of carbons. Carbon, 41, 235 (2003). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6223(02)00281-6.   DOI
19 Tamura H. Theorization on ion-exchange equilibria: activity of species in 2-D phases. J Colloid Interface Sci, 279, 1 (2004). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2004.07.010.   DOI
20 Yue ZR, Jiang W, Wang L, Toghiani H, Gardner SD, Pittman CU Jr. Adsorption of precious metal ions onto electrochemically oxidized carbon fibers. Carbon, 37, 1607 (1999). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6223(99)00041-X.   DOI
21 Sharma RK, Oh HS, Shul YG, Kim H. Growth and characterization of carbon supported $MnO_2$ nanorods for super capacitor electrode. Physica B, 403, 1763 (2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2007.10.007.   DOI
22 He X, Yang M, Ni P, Li Y, Liu ZH. Rapid synthesis of hollow structured $MnO_2$ microspheres and their capacitance. Colloids Surf A, 363, 64 (2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2010.04.014.   DOI
23 Liu HY, Wang KP, Teng H. A simplified preparation of mesoporous carbon and the examination of the carbon accessibility for electric double layer formation. Carbon, 43, 559 (2005). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2004.10.020.   DOI
24 Ryoo MW, Kim JH, Seo G. Role of titania incorporated on activated carbon cloth for capacitive deionization of NaCl solution. J Colloid Interface Sci, 264, 414 (2003). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9797(03)00375-8.   DOI
25 Peng Z, Zhang D, Yan T, Zhang J, Shi L. Three-dimensional micro/mesoporous carbon composites with carbon nanotube networks for capacitive deionization. Appl Surf Sci, 282, 965 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2013.06.107.   DOI