Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5714/CL.2013.14.4.228

Investigation of carbon nanotube growth termination mechanism by in-situ transmission electron microscopy approaches  

Kim, Seung Min (Carbon Convergence Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology)
Jeong, Seojeong (Carbon Convergence Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology)
Kim, Hwan Chul (Department of Organic Materials and Fiber Engineering, Chonbuk National University)
Publication Information
Carbon letters / v.14, no.4, 2013 , pp. 228-233 More about this Journal
Abstract
In this work, we report in-situ observations of changes in catalyst morphology, and of growth termination of individual carbon nanotubes (CNTs), by complete loss of the catalyst particle attached to it. The observations strongly support the growth-termination mechanism of CNT forests or carpets by dynamic morphological evolution of catalyst particles induced by Ostwald ripening, and sub-surface diffusion. We show that in the tip-growth mode, as well as in the base-growth mode, the growth termination of CNT by dissolution of catalyst particles is plausible. This may allow the growth termination mechanism by evolution of catalyst morphology to be applicable to not only CNT forest growth, but also to other growth methods (for example, floating-catalyst chemical vapor deposition), which do not use any supporting layer or substrate beneath a catalyst layer.
Keywords
carbon nanotubes; growth termination; catalyst morphology; in-situ transmission electron microscope; tip-growth mode;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Wei BQ, Vajtai R, Ajayan PM. Reliability and current carrying capacity of carbon nanotubes. Appl Phys Lett, 79, 1172 (2001). http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1396632.   DOI   ScienceOn
2 Yu MF, Lourie O, Dyer MJ, Moloni K, Kelly TF, Ruoff RS. Strength and breaking mechanism of multiwalled carbon nanotubes under tensile load. Science, 287, 637 (2000). http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.287.5453.637.   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Hata K, Futaba DN, Mizuno K, Namai T, Yumura M, Iijima S. Water-assisted highly efficient synthesis of impurity-free singlewaited carbon nanotubes. Science, 306, 1362 (2004). http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1104962.   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Kimura H, Goto J, Yasuda S, Sakurai S, Yumura M, Futaba DN, Hata K. Unexpectedly high yield carbon nanotube synthesis from low-activity carbon feedstocks at high concentrations. Acs Nano, 7, 3150 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/Nn305513e.   DOI   ScienceOn
5 Yasuda S, Futaba DN, Yamada T, Satou J, Shibuya A, Takai H, Arakawa K, Yumura M, Hata K. Improved and large area singlewalled carbon nanotube forest growth by controlling the gas flow direction. Acs Nano, 3, 4164 (2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/Nn9007302.   DOI   ScienceOn
6 Oliver CR, Polsen ES, Meshot ER, Tawfick S, Park SJ, Bedewy M, Hart AJ. Statistical analysis of variation in laboratory growth of carbon nanotube forests and recommendations for improved consistency. Acs Nano, 7, 3565 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/Nn400507y.   DOI   ScienceOn
7 Pint CL, Pheasant ST, Parra-Vasquez ANG, Horton C, Xu YQ, Hauge RH. Investigation of optimal parameters for oxide-assisted growth of vertically aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes. J Phys Chem C, 113, 4125 (2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/Jp8070585.   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Koziol K, Vilatela J, Moisala A, Motta M, Cunniff P, Sennett M, Windle A. High-performance carbon nanotube fiber. Science, 318, 1892 (2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1147635.   DOI   ScienceOn
9 Li YL, Kinloch IA, Windle AH. Direct spinning of carbon nanotube fibers from chemical vapor deposition synthesis. Science, 304, 276 (2004). http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1094982.   DOI   ScienceOn
10 Zhang M, Atkinson KR, Baughman RH. Multifunctional carbon nanotube yarns by downsizing an ancient technology. Science, 306, 1358 (2004). http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1104276.   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Harutyunyan AR, Awasthi N, Jiang A, Setyawan W, Mora E, Tokune T, Bolton K, Curtarolo S. Reduced carbon solubility in fe nanoclusters and implications for the growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes. Phys Rev Lett, 100, 195502 (2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/Physrevlett.100.195502.   DOI   ScienceOn
12 Han JH, Graff RA, Welch B, Marsh CP, Franks R, Strano MS. A mechanochemical model of growth termination in vertical carbon nanotube forests. Acs Nano, 2, 53 (2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/Nn700200c.   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Robertson J, Zhong G, Esconjauregui S, Zhang C, Fouquet M, Hofmann S. Chemical vapor deposition of carbon nanotube forests. Phys Status Solidi B, 249, 2315 (2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssb.201200134.   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Futaba DN, Hata K, Yamada T, Mizuno K, Yumura M, Iijima S. Kinetics of water-assisted single-walled carbon nanotube synthesis revealed by a time-evolution analysis. Phys Rev Lett, 95, 056104 (2005). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/Physrevlett.95.056104.   DOI   ScienceOn
15 Yamada T, Maigne A, Yudasaka M, Mizuno K, Futaba DN, Yumura M, Iijima S, Hata K. Revealing the secret of water-assisted carbon nanotube synthesis by microscopic observation of the interaction of water on the catalysts. Nano Lett, 8, 4288 (2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/Nl801981m.   DOI   ScienceOn
16 Kim SM, Pint CL, Amama PB, Zakharov DN, Hauge RH, Maruyama B, Stach EA. Evolution in catalyst morphology leads to carbon nanotube growth termination. J Phys Chem Lett, 1, 918 (2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/Jz9004762.   DOI   ScienceOn
17 Amama PB, Pint CL, Kim SM, McJilton L, Eyink KG, Stach EA, Hauge RH, Maruyama B. Influence of alumina type on the evolution and activity of alumina-supported fe catalysts in single-walled carbon nanotube carpet growth. Acs Nano, 4, 895 (2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/Nn901700u.   DOI   ScienceOn
18 Amama PB, Pint CL, McJilton L, Kim SM, Stach EA, Murray PT, Hauge RH, Maruyama B. Role of water in super growth of single-walled carbon nanotube carpets. Nano Lett, 9, 44 (2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/Nl801876h.   DOI   ScienceOn
19 Kim SM, Pint CL, Amama PB, Hauge RH, Maruyama B, Stach EA. Catalyst and catalyst support morphology evolution in single-walled carbon nanotube supergrowth: growth deceleration and termination. J Mater Res, 25, 1875 (2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/Jmr.2010.0264.   DOI   ScienceOn
20 Pisana S, Cantoro M, Parvez A, Hofmann S, Ferrari AC, Robertson J. The role of precursor gases on the surface restructuring of catalyst films during carbon nanotube growth. Physica E, 37, 1 (2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physe.2006.06.014.   DOI   ScienceOn
21 Harutyunyan AR, Chen GG, Paronyan TM, Pigos EM, Kuznetsov OA, Hewaparakrama K, Kim SM, Zakharov D, Stach EA, Sumanasekera GU. Preferential growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes with metallic conductivity. Science, 326, 116 (2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1177599.   DOI   ScienceOn
22 Lifshitz IM, Slyozov, V. V. The kinetics of precipitation from supersaturated solid solutions. J Phys Chem Solids, 19, 35 (1961). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3697(61)90054-3.   DOI   ScienceOn
23 Wagner C. Theory of precipitate change by redissolution. Z Electrochem, 65, 581 (1961).
24 Charlier JC, Ebbesen TW, Lambin P. Structural and electronic properties of pentagon-heptagon pair defects in carbon nanotubes. Phys Rev B, 53, 11108 (1996). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.53.11108.   DOI   ScienceOn