Nanocarbon synthesis using plant oil and differential responses to various parameters optimized using the Taguchi method

The synthesis of carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) by a chemical vapor deposition method using three different plant oils as precursors is presented. Because there are four parameters involved in the synthesis of CNM (i.e., the precursor, reaction temperature of the furnace, catalysts, and the carrier gas), each having three variables, it was decided to use the Taguchi optimization method with the 'the larger the better' concept. The best parameter regarding the yield of carbon varied for each type of precursor oil. It was a temperature of $900^{\circ}C$ + Ni as a catalyst for neem oil; $700^{\circ}C$ + Co for karanja oil and $500^{\circ}C$ + Zn as a catalyst for castor oil. The morphology of the nanocarbon produced was also impacted by different parameters. Neem oil and castor oil produced carbon nanotube (CNT) at $900^{\circ}C$; at lower temperatures, sphere-like structures developed. In contrast, karanja oil produced CNTs at all the assessed temperatures. X-ray diffraction and Raman diffraction analyses confirmed that the nanocarbon (both carbon nano beads and CNTs) produced were graphitic in nature.