Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.11626/KJEB.2021.39.4.559

Characteristics on spatial distributions of phytoplankton communities in relation to water masses in the western South Sea, Korea in early autumn 2021  

Yang Ho Yoon (Department of Ocean Integrated Science, Chonnam National University)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Environmental Biology / v.39, no.4, 2021 , pp. 559-572 More about this Journal
Abstract
A survey was conducted to analyze water masses and spatial distributions of phytoplankton communities at 15 stations on the surface and chlorophyll a maximum layers (CML) in the western South Sea of Korea from September 8 to 9, 2021. As a result, water masses were classified into Coastal Waters (CW) with relatively low salinity, the Tsushima Warm Current (TWC) with high water temperature and high salinity, and mixed waters (MW) showing a mixture of these two water masses. Turbidity showed high concentration in both the surface and CML. The chlorophyll a concentration was as low as 0.90±0.43 ㎍ L-1 in the surface, more than 1.1 ㎍ L-1 in CW, around 1.0 ㎍ L-1 in MW, and less than 0.5 ㎍ L-1 in the TWC. CML was 1.64±0.54 ㎍ L-1. Regarding species composition of phytoplankton communities, there were 57 species in 31 genera(diatoms, 57.8%; dinoflagellates, 35.1%; and other phytoflagellates, 7.1%). The phytoplankton standing crop had 4.6±7.6 cells mL-1 in the surface, more than 30 cells mL-1 in the CW, 2-5 cells mL-1 in the MW, and less than 2 cells mL-1 in the TWC. CML was slightly higher than the surface with a variation of 5.7±8.4 cells mL-1. Dominant species were found to be Rhizosolenia flagilissima f. flagilissima, Skeletonema costatum-ls, and Nitzschia sp./ small size in the surface. For the CML Rh. flagilisima f. flagilissima showed a dominance of 12.0%. For the surface, the diversity variation was 2.36±0.40, which was high for TWC but low for MW. For CML, the diversity variation was 2.29±0.52, which was slightly lower than that of the surface. The dominance in the surface was 0.50±0.15, with a fluctuation range of more than 0.5 in MW and less than 0.5 in the TWC, which was different from the diversity. According to correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA), the presence of phytoplankton standing crops was high in CW but low in MW and TWC. That is, phytoplankton communities in early autumn were strongly affected by the expansion and mixing of water masses in western South Sea.
Keywords
water masses; phytoplankton community; coastal waters (CW); mixed waters (MW); Tsushima Warm Current (TWC); chlorophyll maximum layer (CML); diversity; dominance; PCA;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 3  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Lorrain A, YM Paulet, L Chauvaud, N Savoye, E Nezan and L Guerin. 2000. Growth anomalies in Pecten maximus from coastal waters (Bay of Brest, France): relationship with diatom blooms. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK 80:667-673.    DOI
2 Lotocka M. 2006. The first observed bloom of the diatom Dactyliosolen fragilissimus (Bergon) Hasle 1996 in the Gulf of Gdansk. Oceanologia 48:447-452. 
3 MacKenzie L, I Sims, V Beuzenberg and P Gillespie. 2002. Mass accumulation of mucilage caused by dinoflagellate polysaccharide exudates in Tasman Bay, New Zealand. Harmful Algae 1:69-83.    DOI
4 McNaughton SJ. 1968. Structure and function in California grassland. Ecol. 49:962-972.    DOI
5 Miralto A, G Barone, G Romano, SA Poulet, A Ianora, GL Russo, I Buttino, G Mazzarella, M Laabir, M Cabrini and MG Giacobbe. 1999. The insidious effect of diatoms on copepod reproduction. Nature 402:173-176.    DOI
6 MOF (Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries) and MABIK (Marine Biobiversity Institute of Kora). 2021. National List of Marine Species V. Marine Protists. MABIK. Seocheon, Korea. 
7 Omura T, M Iwataki, VM Borja, H Takayama and Y Fukuyo. 2012. Marine Phytoplankton of the Western Pacific. Kouseisha Kouseikaku. Tokyo. 
8 Park JH, HY Soh and YH Yoon. 2021. A characteristics of water masses and spatial distributions of phytoplankton community in the South Sea of Korea in spring 2021. J. Korean Soc. Mar. Environ. Energy 24:149-160.    DOI
9 Parsons TR, M Takahashi and B Hargrave. 1984. Biological Oceanographic Processes(3rd eds). Pergamon Press. Oxford. 
10 Philips EJ, S Badylak, MC Christman and MA Lasi. 2010. Climatic trends and temporal patterns of phytoplankton composition, abundance, and succession in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida, USA. Estuar. Coasts 33:498-512.    DOI
11 Price JF, RA Weller and R Pinkel. 1986. Diurnal cycling: Observations and models of the upper ocean response to diurnal heating, cooling, and wind mixing. J. Geophys. Res. 91:8411-8427.    DOI
12 Ryther JH. 1969. Photosynthesis and fish production in the sea. Science 166:72-76.    DOI
13 Shannon CE and W Weaver. 1963. The Mathematical Theory of Communication. Univ. Illinois Press. Urbana, IL. 
14 Shi W and M Wang. 2010. Characterization of global ocean turbidity from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ocean color observations. J. Geophys. Res. 115:C11022. 
15 Xiao W, Y Zeng, X Liu, X Huang, KP Chiang, T Mi, F Zhang, C Li, H Wei, Q Yao and B Huang. 2019. The impact of giant jellyfish Nemopilema nomurai blooms on plankton communities in a temperate marginal sea. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 149:110507. 
16 Yamasaki Y, Y Ohmichi, T Shikata, M Hirose, Y Shimasaki, Y Oshima and T Honjo. 2011. Species-specific alleopathic effects of the diatom Skeletonema costatum. Thalassas 27:21-32. 
17 Yang HS, SS Kim and G Kim. 1995. Spatio-temporal distribution of nutrients in the surface waters of Deukryang Bay 1. Seasonal variation of nutrients and limiting factors for primary production. J. Korean Fish. Soc. 28:475-488. 
18 Yang SK. 1994. variations of the sea surface temperature distribution and the shelf fronts in the Cheju Strait and the Korea Strait. J. Korean Environ. Sci. Soc. 3:111-128. 
19 Yoon YH. 2013. Vertical profiles of marine environments and micro-phytoplankton community in the continental slope area of the East China Sea in early summer 2009. J. Korean Soc. Mar. Environ. Energy 16:151-162.    DOI
20 Yoon YH. 2011. Marine environments and phytoplankton in the South-western Sea of Korea. pp. 68-93. In: The Plankton Ecology in Korean Coastal Waters (Choi CK ed.). Donghwa Pub. Seoul. 
21 Yoon YH, JH Park, HJ Lee and HY Soh. 2020. Characteristics of ecological structure and spatial distribution of micro-plankton in relation to water masses in the northern East China Sea (nECS) in summer 2019. Korean J. Environ. Biol. 38:355-370.    DOI
22 Yoon YH, JS Park and BS Kim. 2019. Spatial distributions of phytoplankton community in the coastal waters of South Sea, Korea during the early summer of 2018. Korean J. Environ. Biol. 37:164-176.    DOI
23 Yoon YH, JS Park, YG Park and IH Noh. 2007. Marine environment and the distribution of phytoplankton community in the southwestern sea of Korea in summer 2005. J. Korean Soc. Mar. Environ. Energy 10:155-166. 
24 Danovaro R, SF Umani and A Pusceddu. 2009. Climate change and the potential spreading of marine mucilage and microbial pathogens in the Mediterranean Sea. PLoS One 4:e7006. 
25 Abdalla RR, FA Zaghloul and NR Hussein. 1995. A statistical modelling of phytoplankton eutrophication in the Eastern Harbour, Alexandria, Egypt. Bull. Nat. Inst. Oceanogr. Fish. 21:125-146. 
26 Baldry K, PG Strutton, NA Hill and PW Boyd. 2020. Subsurface chlorophyll-a maxima in the Southern Ocean. Front. Mar. Sci. 7:671. 
27 Behrenfeld MJ, DA Siegel, RT O'Malley and S Maritorena. 2009. Global ocean phytoplankton. Am. Met. Soc. 90:S68-S73. 
28 Cho KD and JH Yoon. 1990. In summer, the origin of Tsushima Warm Current water in western channel of the Korea Strait 1. On the water in surface layer. Bull. Korean Fish. Tech. Soc. 26:184-191. 
29 Cupp EE. 1943. Marine plankton diatoms of the west coast of north America. Bull. Scripps Inst. Oceanogr. Univ. California 5:1-237. 
30 Deniz N, S Tas and T Koray. 2006. New records of the Dictyocha antarctica Lohmann, Dictyocha crux Ehrenberg and Nitzschia rectilonga Takano species from the Sea of Marmara. Turk. J. Bot. 30:213-216. 
31 Fukudome KI, JH Yoon, A Ostrovskii, T Takikawa and JS Han. 2010. Seasonal volume transport variation in the Tsushima Warm Current through the Tsushima Straits from 10 years of ADCP observations. J. Oceanogr. 66:539-551.    DOI
32 Furuya K, M Hayashia, Y Yabushita and A Ishikawa. 2003. Phytoplankton dynamics in the East China Sea in spring and summer as revealed by HPLC-derived pigment signatures. Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. 50:367-387    DOI
33 Gerla DJ, WM Mooij and J Huisman. 2011. Photoinhibition and the assembly of light-limited phytoplankton communities. Oikos 120:359-368.    DOI
34 Gong GC, YL Lee, L Chen and KK Liu. 1996. Chemical hydrography and chlorophyll a distribution in the East China Sea in summer: implications in nutrient dynamics. Cont. Shelf Res. 16:1561-1590.    DOI
35 Guo S, Y Feng, L Wang, L Dai, Z Liu, Y Bai and J Sun. 2014. Seasonal variation in the phytoplankton community of a continental-shelf sea: the East China Sea. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 516:103-126.    DOI
36 Ichikawa H and RC Beardsley. 2002. The current system in the Yellow and East China Seas. J. Oceanogr. 58:77-92.    DOI
37 Horner RA. 2002. A Taxonomic Guide to Some Common Phytoplankton. Biopress Limited, Dorset Press. Dorchester, UK. 
38 Howard AG, SDW Comber, D Kifle, EE Antai and DA Purdie. 1995. Arsenic speciation and seasonal changes in nutrient availability and micro-plankton abundance in Southampton Water, UK. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 40:435-450.    DOI
39 Hur HB, GA Jacobs and WJ Teague. 1999. Monthly variations of water masses in the Yellow and East China Seas. J. Oceanogr. 55:171-184.    DOI
40 Ismael GL and EMM Rocio. 2013. New data on the distribution of Torodinium robustum and T. teredo(Dinophyceae: Gymnodiniales) in the Gulf of California. Check List 9:809-812.    DOI
41 Jaanus A, K Toming, S Hallfors, K Kaljurand and I Lips. 2009. Potential phytoplankton indicator species for monitoring Baltic coastal waters in the summer period. pp. 157-168. In: Eutrophication in Coastal Ecosystems. Springer. Dordrecht, Netherlands. 
42 Jiang Z, J Liu, J Chen, Q Chen, X Yan, J Xuan and J Zeng. 2014. Responses of summer phytoplankton community to drastic environmental changes in the Changjiang (Yangtzu River) estuary during the past 50 years. Water Res. 54:1-14.    DOI
43 Kent ML, JNC Whyte and C LaTrace. 1995. Gill lesion and mortality in seawater pen-reared Atlantic salmon Salmo salar associated with a dense bloom of Skeletonema coastatum and Thalassiosira species. Dis. Aquat. Org. 22:77-81.    DOI
44 Kim HJ and SS Yug. 1983. Inversion phenomena of temperature in the southern sea of Korea. Bull. Korean Fish. Soc. 16:111-116. 
45 Kim JI, JY Kim, YK Choi, HJ Oh and EK Chu. 2005. Distribution of the anchovy eggs associated with coastal frontal structure in southern coastal waters of Korea. Korean J. Ichthyol. 17:205-216. 
46 Kim HS, H Kim, D Yang and YH Yoon. 2020. Spatio-temporal distribution patterns of phytoplankton community and the characteristics of biological oceanographic environments in the Geumgang Estuary, West Sea of Korea in 2018. Korean J. Environ. Biol. 38:254-270.    DOI
47 Kim IO and HG Rho. 1994. A study on China coastal water appeared in the neighbouring seas of Cheju Island. Bull. Korean Fish. Soc. 27:515-528. 
48 Kim J, H Kim, DG Paeng, TH Bok and J Lee. 2015. Low-salinity induced surface sound channel in the western sea of Jeju Island during summer. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 137:1576-1585.    DOI
49 Kim SH. 2020. Characteristics of water temperature inversion observed in a region west of Jeju Island in April 2015. Ocean Polar Res. 42:97-113. 
50 Lee JH, IJ Moon, JH Moon, SH Kim, YY Jeong and JH Koo. 2017. Impact of typhoons on the Changjiang plume extension in the Yellow and East China Seas. J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans 122:4962-4973.    DOI
51 Lie HJ and CH Cho. 2006. Seasonal circulation patterns of the Yellow and East China Seas derived from satellite-tracked drifter trajectories and hydrographic observations. Prog. Oceanogr. 146:121-141. 
52 Lim DB. 1976. The movements of the waters off the south coast of Korea. J. Oceanol. Soc. Korea 11:77-88. 
53 Liu X, W Xiao, MR Landry, KP Chiang, L Wang and B Huang. 2016. Responses of phytoplankton communities to environmental variability in the East China Sea. Ecosystems 19:832-849.    DOI