Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.11626/KJEB.2018.36.3.377

Effect of Feeding on Postlarvae of Pacific White Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei during the Acclimation Process to Low Salinities in Seawater  

Kim, Su Kyoung (West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science)
Shim, Na Young (West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science)
Cho, Ji-Hyun (West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science)
Kim, Jong Hyun (West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science)
Kim, Su-Kyoung (West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Environmental Biology / v.36, no.3, 2018 , pp. 377-384 More about this Journal
Abstract
This study focused on the effects of feeding on postlarvae of shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, during the identified acclimation time to low salinity. A total of 5 different salinity groups with or without feeding (32, 24, 16, 8, and 2 psu, 1 liter, triplicates) were prepared, and 30 shrimp were settled at PL21 (postlarvae) and placed in each group. After 24 hours of the experimentation process, the survival rate of the fed and starved groups was observed to be lower in the 2 psu group compared to other salinity groups, with the rate of 86.6% and 81.1%, respectively. The condition index of glucose and triglyceride, which are important factors for osmoregulation and as energy sources, was 4.2-7.6 times and 2.7-3.4 times higher in the fed groups than the starved groups at all the levels of salinities. The creatine level increased by 1.1-1.5 times in the starved groups as compared to the fed groups. Likewise, the activity of all the digestive enzymes like, lipase, ${\alpha}$-amylase, trypsin, and alkaline protease were clearly higher in the fed groups (ANOVA, p<0.05). Apparently, it was observed that feeding is effective for the postlarvae of shrimp, which shows a characteristic fast metabolism and larval development, during the acclimation period to low salinity.
Keywords
acclimation; low salinity; L. vannamei; hemolymph; digestive enzyme;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Cheng KM, CQ Hu, YN Liu, SX Zheng and XJ Qi. 2006. Effects of dietary calcium, phosphorus and calcium/phosphorus ratio on the growth and tissue mineralization of Litopenaeus vannamei reared in low-salinity water. Aquaculture 251:472-483.
2 Dabrowski K and J Glogowski. 1977. Studies on the role of exogenous proteolytic enzymes in digestion processes in fish. Hydrobiologia 54:129-134.   DOI
3 Davis DA, TM Samocha and CE Boyd. 2004. Acclimation Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei to inland, low salinity waters. SRAC publication No. 2601.
4 Erlanger BF, N Kokowsky and W Cohen. 1961. The preparation and properties of two new chromogenic substrates of trypsin. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 95:271-278.
5 Evans E and R Witty. 1978. An assessment of methods used to determine protein quality. World Rev. Nutr. Diet. 32:1-4.
6 Fegan DF. 1992. Recent developments and issues in the Penaeid shrimp hatchery industry. In: Proceeding of the Special Session on Shrimp Farming (Wyban J ed.). The World Aquaculture Society. Baton Rouge, pp. 55-70.
7 Fry FEJ. 1971. The effect of environmental factors on the physiology of fish. vol. 7. In: Fish Physiology, Environmental Relations and Behavior(Hoar WS and DJ Randall eds.), Academic Press. New York. pp. 1-98.
8 Whitney JO. 1974. The effect of external salinity upon lipid synthesis in the blue crab Callinectes sapidus and in the spider crab Libinia emerginata. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Physiol. 49:433-440.
9 Haines TH. 1994. Water transport across biological membranes. FEBS Lett. 346:115-122.
10 Garza-Torres R, R Campos-Ramos and AM Maeda-Martinez. 2009. Organogenesis and subsequent development of the genital organis in female and male Pacific white shrimp Penaeus(Litopenaeus) vannamei. Aquaculture 296:136-142.
11 Hall MR and EH van Ham. 1998. The effects of different types of stress on blood glucose in the giant tiger Prawn, Penaeus monodon. J. World Aquacult. Soc. 29:290-299.   DOI
12 Kim SK, NY Shim, JW Jang, JC Jun, SK Kim and YK Shin. 2017. Effect of acclimation methods on physiological status of White shrimp, L. vannamei larvae to low salinities. Korean J. Environ. Biol. 35:6-12.
13 Hazel JR and EE Williams. 1990. The role of alterations in membrane lipid composition in enabling physiological adaptation of organisms to their physical environment. Prog. Lipid Res. 29:167-227.
14 Hung TC, R Giridgar, SG Chiou and WT Wu. 2003. Binary immobilization of Candida rugosa lipase on chitosan. J. Mol. Catal. B-Enzym. 26:69-78.
15 Jayasankar V, S Jasmani, T Momura, S Nohara, DTT Huong and MN Wilder. 2009. Low salinity rearing of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei: Acclimation, survival and growth of postlarvae and juveniles. Jarq-Jpn. Agric. Res. Q. 43:345-350.
16 Kinne O. 1971. Salinity: Animal invertebrates. vol. 1. In: Marine Ecology, Environmental Factors (Kinne O ed.). Wiley Interscience. London. pp. 821-995.
17 McGraw WJ, DA Davis, D Teichert-Coddington and DB Rouse. 2002. Acclimation of Litopenaeus vannamei Postlarvae to low salinity: Influence of age, salinity endpoint, and rate of salinity reduction. J. World Aquacult. Soc. 33:78-82.
18 Li EC, LQ Chen, C Zeng, N Yu, ZQ Xiong, XF Chen and JG Qin. 2008. Comparison of digestive and antioxidant enzymes activities, haemolymph oxyhemocyanin contents and hepatopancreas histology of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, at various salinities. Aquaculture 274:80-86.
19 Lignot JH, C Spanings-Pierro and G Charmantier. 2000. Osmoregulatory capacity as a tool in monitoring the physiological condition and the effect of stress in crustaceans. Aquaculture 191:209-245.
20 Liu HY, BP Tan, JF Yang, YB Lin, SY Chi, XH Dong and QH Yang. 2014. Effect of various Na/K ratios in low-salinity well water on growth performance and physiological response of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Chin. J. Oceanol. Limnol. 32:991-999.
21 Palacios E, A Bonilla, D Luna and IS Racotta. 2004. Survival, $Na^+/K^+$-ATPase and lipid responses to salinity challenge in fed and starved white pacific shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) postlarvae. Aquaculture 234:497-511.
22 McNevin AA, CE Boyd, O Silapajarn and K Silapajarn. 2004. Ionic supplementation of pond waters for inland culture of marine shrimp. J. World Aquacult. Soc. 35:460-467.
23 Melo JFB, LM Lundsted, I Meton, IV Baanante and G Moraes. 2006. Effects of dietary levels of protein on nitrogenous metabolism of Rhamdia quelen (Teleostei: Pimelodidae). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Mol. Integr. Physiol. 145:181-187.
24 Morris RJ, PM Lockwood and ME Dawson. 1982. An effect of acclimation salinity on the fatty acid composition of the gill phospholipids and water flux of the amphipod crustacean Gamarus duebeni. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Physiol. 72:497-503.
25 Mugnier C and C Justou. 2004. Combined effect of external ammonia and molt stage on the blue shrimp Litopenaeus stylirostris physiological response. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 309:35-46.
26 Parado-Estepa, FE D, RP Ferraris, JM Lardja and EG de Jesus. 1987. Responses of intermolt Penaeus indicus to large fluctuations in environmental salinity. Aquaculture 64:175-184.
27 Purssell RA, M Pudek, J Brubacher and RB Abu-Laban. 2001. Derivation and validation of a formula to calculate the contribution of ethanol to the osmolar gap. Ann. Emerg. Med. 38:653-659.
28 Racotta IS and E Palacios. 1998. Hemolymph metabolic variables in response to experimental manipulation stress and serotonin injection in Penaeus vannamei. J. World Aquacult. Soc. 29:351-356.
29 Racotta IS and R Hernandez-Herrera. 2000. Metabolic responses of the white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei, to ambient ammonia. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Mol. Integr. Physiol. 125:437-443.
30 Abrunhosa F and M Melo. 2008. Development and functional morphology of the foreguts of larvae and postlarvae of three crustacean decapods. Braz. J. Biol. 68:221-228.
31 Bernfeld P. 1955. Amylases: alpha and beta. In: Methods in enzymology (Colowick SP and NO Kaplan eds.). Academic Press, New York. pp. 149-158.
32 Boyd CE. 2003. Mineral salts correct imbalances in culture water. Global Aquaculture Advocate 6:56-57.
33 Charmantier G and C Soyez. 1994. Effect of molt stage and hypoxia on osmoregulatory capacity in the penaeid shrimp Penaeus vannamei. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 178:233-246.
34 Samocha TM, AL Lawrence and D Pooser. 1998. Growth and survival of juvenile Penaeus vannamei in low salinity water in a semi-closed recirculating system. Isr. J. Aquac.-Bamidgeh 50:55-59.
35 Rosas C, N Lopez, P Mercado and E Martinez. 2001. Effect of salinity acclimation on oxygen consumption of juveniles of the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. J. Crustac. Biol. 21:912-922.   DOI
36 Roy LA, DA Davis, IP Saoud and RP Henry. 2007. Effects of varying levels of aqueous potassium and magnesium on survival, growth, and respiration of the Pacific whit shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, reared in low salinity waters. Aquculture 262:461-469.
37 Roy LA, DA Davis, P Saoud, CA Boyd, HJ Pine and CE Boyd. 2010. Shrimp culture in inland low salinity waters. Aquaculture 2:191-208.
38 Samocha TM, L Hamper, CR Emberson, DA Davis, D McIntosh, AL Lawrence and P Van Wyk. 2002. Review of some recent developments in sustainable shrimp farming practices in Texas, Arizona, and Florida. J. Appl. Aquaculture 12:1-30.
39 Saoud IP, DA Davis and DB Rouse. 2003. Suitability studies of inland well waters for Litopenaeus vannamei culture. Aquaculture 217:373-383.
40 Teshima S. 1982. Sterol metabolism. In: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Aquaculture Nutrition: Biochemical and physiological approaches to shellfish nutrition (GD Pruder, GA Lang, DE Conklin eds.), Baton Rouge, Louisiana. pp. 205-215.
41 Teshima S, M Ishikawa, S Kosio and A Kanazawa. 1997. Assessment of cholesterol requirements in the prawn, Penaeus japonicus. Aquac. Nutr. 3:247-253.
42 van Ham EH and MR Hall. 1998. The effects of prophylactic formalin bath treatment on blood glucose in the giant tiger prawn Penaeus monodon. J. World Aquacult. Soc. 29:357-364.