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http://dx.doi.org/10.11626/KJEB.2017.35.3.373

Lethal Toxicity and Hematological Changes Exposed to Nitrate in Flatfish, Paralichthys olivaceus in Biofloc and Seawater  

Bae, Sun-Hye (West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science)
Kim, Ki Wook (West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science)
Kim, Su Kyoung (West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science)
Kim, Su-Kyoung (West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science)
Kim, Jong-Hyun (West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science)
Kim, Jun-Hwan (West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Environmental Biology / v.35, no.3, 2017 , pp. 373-379 More about this Journal
Abstract
Juvenile Paralichthys olivaceus (mean length $19.8{\pm}2.6cm$, mean weight $97.8{\pm}15.8g$) were exposed for 96 hours to different nitrate concentrations of 0, 62.5, 125, 250, 500, 1,000, and $1,500mg\;L^{-1}$ in biofloc and 0, 62.5, 125, 250, 500, and $1,000mg\;L^{-1}$ in seawater. Median lethal concentration values ($LC_{50}$, the concentration at which 50% of mortality occurred after 96 hours of exposure) of nitrate to P. olivaceus in biofloc and seawater were 1,226 and $597mg\;NO_3L^{-1}$ (P<0.05), respectively, revealing a higher toxicity of nitrate to P. olivaceus in seawater than in biofloc. In hematological parameters, hematocrit level in P. olivaceus exposed to nitrate was significantly increased only at a concentration of $1,000mg\;L^{-1}$ in biofloc and at concentrations higher than $250mg\;L^{-1}$ in seawater, but no significant changes in hemoglobin were found in biofloc and seawater. In plasma parameters, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransminase (ALT) were significantly increased by nitrate exposure in biofloc and seawater, but no significant changes in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were found in biofloc and seawater. Results of this study indicate that nitrate exposure to P. olivaceus have a lethal toxic effect and alter hematological and plasma constituents of flatfish P. olivaceus. Given relatively lower toxicity of nitrate in biofloc than in seawater, the use of biofloc in aquaculture may reduce potential toxic effect caused by nitrate in feces and feed residue.
Keywords
biofloc; Paralichthys olivaceus; nitrate; acute toxicity; hematology;
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