Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.11626/KJEB.2014.32.3.243

Toxic Effects of Heavy Metal (Cd, Cu, Zn) on Population Growth Rate of the Marine Diatom (Skeletonema costatum)  

Hwang, Un-Ki (National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Marine Ecological Risk Assessment Center)
Ryu, Hyang-Mi (National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Marine Ecological Risk Assessment Center)
Lee, Ju-Wook (National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Marine Ecological Risk Assessment Center)
Lee, Seung-Min (National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Marine Ecological Risk Assessment Center)
Kang, Han Seung (National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Marine Ecological Risk Assessment Center)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Environmental Biology / v.32, no.3, 2014 , pp. 243-249 More about this Journal
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the toxic effects of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Zn) on the population growth rate (r) of the marine diatom, Skeletonema costatum. S. costatum. The population growth rate (r) of the species was determined after 96 hrs. of exposure to Cd (0, 0.63, 1.25, 2.50, 5.00, 10.00 ppm), Cu (0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, 1.25, 1.50 ppm) and Zn (0, 0.31, 0.63, 1.25, 2.00, 2.50, 5.00 ppm). It was observed that 'r' in the control (absence of Cd, Cu and Zn) were greater than 0.05, however suddenly decreased with increased heavy metal concentrations. Cd, Cu and Zn reduced 'r' in a dose-dependent manner and a significant reduction were occurred at concentration of greater than 1.25, 1.25 and 2.50 ppm, respectively. Based on the toxicity, the heavy metal were ranked as Cu>Zn>Cd, with EC50 values of 1.11, 2.13 and 6.84 ppm, respectively. The lowest-observed-effective-concentration (LOEC) of 'r' in exposed to Cd, Cu and Zn were 1.25, 1.00, 2.00 ppm, respectively. Precisely, a concentration of greater than 1.25 ppm of Cd, 1.00 ppm of Cu and 2.00 ppm of Zn in marine ecosystems induced toxic effect on the 'r' of S. costatum. Based on our results, we suggested that the 'r' of S. costatum might be a useful bio indicator for the toxicity assessment of heavy metals in marine ecosystems.
Keywords
Skeletonema costatum; heavy metal; population growth rate (r); toxicity;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 2  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Lee JS, SM Lee and GS Park. 2008. Development of sediment toxicity test protocols using korea indigenous marine growth inhibition of marine phytoplankton. Kor. J. Soc. Ocean. 13:147-155.
2 Lundebye AK, MHG Berntssen, SE Wendelar and A Maage. 1999. Biochemical and physiological responses in atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) following dietary exposure to copper and cadmium. Mar. Poll. Bull. 39:137-144.   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Maage A, H Sveir and K julshamn. 1989. A comparison of growth rate and trace element accumulation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fry four different commercial diets. Aquaculture 79:267-273.   DOI
4 McGeer JC, C Szebedinszky, DG McDonald and CM Wood. 2000. Effects of chronic sublethal exposure to waterbone Cu, Cd or Zn in rainbow trout. Aquat. Toxicol. 50:231-243.   DOI   ScienceOn
5 Novelli ELB, AM Lopes, ASE Rodrigues, BO Ribas. 1999. Superoxide redical and nephrotoxic effect of cadmium exposure. International J. Environ. Heal. Res. 9:109-116.   DOI   ScienceOn
6 Rand GM and SR Petrocelli. 1985. Fundamentals of Aquatic Toxicology. Hemisphere Publishing Corporation, Washington. pp.666.
7 Rao MU and V Mohanchand. 1990. Toxicity of zinc smelter wastes to some marine diatoms. Indian J. Mar. Sci. 19:181-186.
8 Reiley MC. 2007. Science, policy and trends of metals risk assessment at EPA: how understanding metals bioavailability has changed metals risk assessment at USEPA. Aquat. Toxicol. 84:292-298.   DOI   ScienceOn
9 Viarengo A. 1985. Biochemical effects of trace metals. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 16:153-158.   DOI   ScienceOn
10 Weideborg M, EA Vik, GD Ofjord and O Kjonno. 1997. Comparison of three marine screening tests and four Oslo and Paris commission procedures to evaluate toxicity of offshore chemicals. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 16:384-389.   DOI
11 Yu CM. 1998. A study on the effect of heavy metals on early embryos development of starfish, Kor. J. Environ. Biol. 16:151-156.
12 Ahlf W, H Hollert, H Neumann-Hensel and M Ricking. 2002. A guidance for the assessment and evaluation of sediment quality: A german approach based on ecotoxicological and chemical measurements. J. Soil. Sediment. 2:37-42.   DOI
13 APHA, AWWA and WEF. 1995. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, Water Environment Federation, Washington, DC, pp.1-47.
14 Atici T, S Ahiska, A Altindag and D Aydin. 2008. Ecological effects of some heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Hg, Cr) pollution of phytoplanktonic algae and zooplanktonic organisms in Sariyar Dam Reservoir in Turkey. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 7:1972-1977.   DOI
15 Bidwell JR, KW Wheeler and TR Burridge. 1998. Toxicant effects on the zoospore stage of the marine macroalga Ecklonia radiata. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 163:259-265.   DOI
16 Han TJ, YS Han, GS Park and SM Lee. 2008. Development marine ecotoxicological standard methods for Ulva sporulation test. Kor. J. Soc. Ocean. 13:121-128.
17 Burton GA. 1992. Sediment Toxicity Assessment. Lewis Publishers Inc., Chelsea. pp.457.
18 Chu KW and KL Chow. 2002. Synergistic toxicity of multiple heavy metals is revealed by a biological assay using a nematode and its transgenic derivative. Aquat. Toxicol. 61:53-64.   DOI   ScienceOn
19 DeForest DK, KV Brix and WJ Adams. 2007. Assessing metal bioaccumulation in aquatic environments: the inverse relationship between bioaccumulation factors, trophic transfer factors and exposure concentration. Aquat. Toxicol. 84:236-246.   DOI   ScienceOn
20 Hwang UK, CW Rhee, SM Lee, KH An and SY Park. 2008. Effects of salinity and standard toxic metals (Cu, Cd) on fertilization and embryo development rates in the sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus nudus). J. Environ. Sci. 17:775-781.
21 Hwang UK, CW Rhee, KS Kim, KH An and SY Park. 2009. Effects of salinity and standard toxic metals (Cu, Cd) on fertilization and embryo development rates in the sea urchin (Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus). J. Environ. Toxicol. 24:9-16.
22 Hwang UK, HM Ryu, SG Kim, SY Park and HS Kang. 2012a. Acute toxicity of heavy metal (Cd, Cu, Zn) on the hatching rates of fertilized eggs in the olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Korean J. Environ. Biol. 30:136-142.
23 Hwang UK, JS Park, JN Kwon, S Heo, Y Oshima and HS Kang. 2012b. Effect of nickel on embryo development and expression of metallothionein gene in the sea urchin (Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus). J. Fac. Agr., Kyushu Univ. 57:145-149.
24 Hwang UK, HM Ryu, J Yu and HS Kang. 2013. Toxic effects of arsenic and chromium on the fertilization and embryo development rates in the sea urchin (Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus). Korean J. Environ. Biol. 31:69-77.   DOI
25 ISO. 1995. Water quality-marine algal growth inhibition test with Skeletonema costatum and Phaeodactylum tricornutum. The International Organization for Standardization. ISO 10253. pp.7.