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http://dx.doi.org/10.11626/KJEB.2014.32.3.225

Induction of Soft Tunic Syndrome by Water Temperature and Physiological and Histological Responses of the Sea Squirt, Halocynthia roretzi  

Shin, Yun Kyung (Aquaculture Management Division, Aquaculture Research Institute, NFRDI)
Park, Jung Jun (Aquaculture Management Division, Aquaculture Research Institute, NFRDI)
Myeong, Jeong In (Aquaculture Management Division, Aquaculture Research Institute, NFRDI)
Kim, Hyejin (Department of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University)
Lee, Jung Sick (Department of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Environmental Biology / v.32, no.3, 2014 , pp. 225-233 More about this Journal
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the changes in the physiological and histological traits of a sea squirt (Halocynthia roretzi) with the emergence of the soft tunic syndrome induced by the water temperature control (6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24 and $27^{\circ}C$). It was observed that the induction rate of the soft tunic syndrome was highest at $15^{\circ}C$, but lowest at $24^{\circ}C$. Based on the tunic color condition and contraction strength, the whole process were classified into 4 stages as S0, S1, S2 and S3. Interestingly, there were significant differences in oxygen consumption and filtration rate were observed during S0-S3. The most distinctive aspects were change of blood cell composition at stage S3, whereas multi-vacuole cell ratio was decreased by 1/2 and morula cell ratio expanded about 10 times during S0-S3. Further, change of organ structure started following the syndrome such as degeneration of epithelial cells, microfilaments, increment in hemocytes and damage in muscle fiber have been detected in tunic, siphon, branchial sac, body wall musculature and pyloric gland. Briefly, our study results indicated that the normal physiological functions of the sea squirt can be affected due to the soft tunic syndrome induced by water temperature.
Keywords
Halocynthia roretzi; soft tunic syndrome; physiological changes; water temperature;
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