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http://dx.doi.org/10.11626/KJEB.2014.32.3.216

Effect of Temperature and Dissolved Oxygen on the Survival Rate and Physiological Response of the Warty Sea Squirt Styela clava  

Shin, Yun Kyung (Aquaculture Management Division, Aquaculture Research Institute, NFRDI)
Park, Jung Jun (Aquaculture Management Division, Aquaculture Research Institute, NFRDI)
Park, Mi Seon (Aquaculture Management Division, Aquaculture Research Institute, NFRDI)
Myeong, Jeong In (Aquaculture Management Division, Aquaculture Research Institute, NFRDI)
Hur, Young Baek (Southeast Sea Fisheries Research Institute, NFRDI)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Environmental Biology / v.32, no.3, 2014 , pp. 216-224 More about this Journal
Abstract
Decrease in dissolved oxygen concentrations associated with temperature fluctuation is an important criteria to evaluate the mortality rate of the species. Based on this parameter, we investigated the survival rate, physiological response and histological change of warty sea squirt. It was found that the survival rate of the warty sea squirt species was 63.3% at $23^{\circ}C$ and 56.6% at $26^{\circ}C$ respectively. However, exposure of six days at $29^{\circ}C$ caused deaths among species, which indicated the 6day-$LT^{50}$ of the tested species to be $24.58^{\circ}C$ ($19.48{\sim}35.48^{\circ}C$). Further, after 11 day of exposure, the dissolved oxygen concentration has been found to decrease, with the survival rate of 20% at $4.0mg\;L^{-1}$ and deaths at $2.0mg\;L^{-1}$, thus 11day-$LC^{50}$ calculated to be $3.88mg\;L^{-1}$ ($3.29{\sim}4.57mg\;L^{-1}$). In addition, decrease in rate of oxygen consumption and excretion of ammonia was also noted at this critical water temperature and dissolve doxygen concentration. Moreover, there has been common histopathological changes were observed in warty sea squirt's gill pouch, digestive tract, and tunic as follows such as: proliferation of epithelial cells, condensation and necrosis, permeation of phagocyte and blood cell, loss of cilium and muscular fiber degeneration. Based on our study results, we suggest that these parameters can also be useful to evaluate the survival rate and physiological response in other species.
Keywords
Styela clava; high temperature; hypoxia; mortality; physiological response;
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