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http://dx.doi.org/10.11626/KJEB.2014.32.1.001

Effects of Azole Fungicide on Amphibian: Review  

Park, Chan Jin (Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University)
Park, Yong Ah (Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University)
Ok, Seung Seok (Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University)
Gye, Myung Chan (Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Environmental Biology / v.32, no.1, 2014 , pp. 1-15 More about this Journal
Abstract
Amphibians play a pivotal role in the ecosystem as a mediator between aquatic and terrestrial environment. Currently they are directly exposed to a variety of chemicals in the aquatic environment throughout their life cycle. Azole fungicides have been widely used in medical applications and agricultural activities. The direct exposure of azole fungicides causes an alarming situation for various ecosystem. Recently, teratogenesis and endocrine disruption by azole fungicides have been reported in amphibians. In an effort to provide the current information for amphibian toxicity of azole fungicides and to make the guidelines for safe usage of azole-based materials, the effects of azole fungicides including imidazole, triazole, thiazole, oxazole, and pyrazoleon on early development, differentiation and reproduction of amphibians were reviewed.
Keywords
azole; fungicide; amphibian; toxicity;
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