Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.7854/JPSK.2019.28.3.157

Pseudotachylyte Developed in Granitic Gneiss around the Bulil Waterfall in the Jirisan, SE Korea: Its Occurrence and Characteristics  

Kang, Hee-Cheol (Department of Geological Sciences, Pusan National University)
Kim, Chang-Min (Department of Geology and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University)
Han, Raehee (Department of Geology and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University)
Ryoo, Chung-Ryul (Geology Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources)
Son, Moon (Department of Geological Sciences, Pusan National University)
Lee, Sang-Won (Department of Earth Science Education, Pusan National University)
Publication Information
The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea / v.28, no.3, 2019 , pp. 157-169 More about this Journal
Abstract
Pseudotachylytes, produced by frictional heating during seismic slip, provide information that is critical to understanding the physics of earthquakes. We report the results of occurrence, structural characteristics, scanning electron microscopic observation and geochemical analysis of pseudotachylytes, which is presumed to have formed after the Late Cretaceous in outcrops of the Paleoproterozoic granitic gneiss on the Bulil waterfall of the Jirisan area, Yeongnam massif, Korea. Fault rocks, which are the products of brittle deformation under the same shear stress regime in the study area, are classified as pseudotachylyte and foliated cataclasite. The occurrences of pseudotachylyte identified on the basis of thickness and morphology are fault vein-type and injection vein-type pseudotachylyte. A number of fault vein-type pseudotachylytes occur as thin (as thick as 2 cm) layers generated on the fault plane, and are cutting general foliation and sheared foliation developed in granitic gneiss. Smaller injection vein-type pseudotachylytes are found along the fault vein-type pseudotachylytes, and appear in a variety of shapes based on field occurrence and vein geometry. At a first glance fault vein-type seudotachylyte looks like a mafic vein, but it has a chemical composition almost identical to the wall rock of granitic gneiss. Also, it has many subrounded clasts which consist predominantly of quartz, feldspar, biotite and secondary minerals including clay minerals, calcite and glassy materials. Embayed clasts, phenocryst with reaction rim, oxide droplets, amygdules, and flow structures are also observed. All of these evidences indicate the pseudotachylyte formed due to frictional melting of the wall rock minerals during fault slip related to strong seismic faulting events in the shallow depth of low temperature-low pressure. Further studies will be conducted to determine the age and mechanical aspect of the pseudotachylyte formation.
Keywords
Bulil waterfall; pseudotachylyte; fault vein-type; injection vein-type; seismic faulting;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 7  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Kirkpatrick, J.D., Dobson, K.J., Mark, D.F., Shipton, Z.K., Brodsky, E.E. and Stuart, F.M., 2012, The depth of pseudotachylyte formation from detailed thermochronology and constraints on coseismic stress drop variability. Journal of Geophysical Research, 117.
2 Lee, S.R. and Cho, K., 2012, Precambrian crustal evolution of the Korean Peninsula. Journal of Petrological Society of Korea, 21, 89-112. (in Korean with English abstract)   DOI
3 Lee, D.-S. and Kang, J.-H., 2012, Geological Structures of the Hadong Northern Anorthosite Complex and its surrounding Area in the Jirisan Province, Yeongnam Massif, Korea. Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea, 21, 287-307. (in Korean with English abstract)   DOI
4 Lee, D.-S. and Kang, J.-H., 2013a, Deformational Phased Structural Characteristics of the Hadong Southern Anorthosite Complex and its Surrounding Area in the Jirisan Province, Yeongnam Massif, Korea. Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea, 22, 179-195. (in Korean with English abstract)   DOI
5 Lee, D.-S. and Kang, J.-H., 2013b, Geological Structure of the Jirisan Metamorphic Complex of the Yeongnam Massif in the Hwagae Area, Korea. Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea, 22, 251-261. (in Korean with English abstract)   DOI
6 Lee, D.-S. and Kang, J.-H., 2016, Geometric and Kinematic Characteristics of Fracture System in the Sancheong Anorthosite Complex, Korea. Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea, 25, 389-400. (in Korean with English abstract)   DOI
7 Lee, Y., Cho, M., Cheong, W. and Yi, K., 2014, A massif-type (-1.86 Ga) anorthosite complex in the Yeongnam Massif, Korea: late-orogenic emplacement associated with the mantle delamination in the North China Craton. Terra Nova, 26, 408-416.   DOI
8 Lee, K., 1979, On crustal structure of the Korean Peninsula, Journal of the Geological Society of Korea, 15, 134-150.
9 Lin, A., 1994a, Glassy pseudotachylyte veins from the Fuyun fault zone, northwest China. Journal of Structural Geology, 16, 71-83.   DOI
10 Lin, A., 1994b, Microlite morphology and chemistry in pseudotachylite, from the Fuyun fault zone, China. The Journal of Geology, 102, 317-329.   DOI
11 Lin, A., 2008, Fossil earthquakes: The Formation and Preservation of Pseudotachylytes. Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences, 111, Springer, Berlin, 349p.
12 Lin, A., Maruyama, T., Stallard, A., Michibayashi, K., Camacho, A. and Kano, K., 2005, Propagation of seismic slip from brittle to ductile regimes: evidence from the pseudotachylyte of Woodroffe thrust, central Australia. Tectonophysics, 402, 21-35.   DOI
13 Lin, A., Sun, Z. and Yang, Z., 2003, Multiple generations of pseudotachylyte in the brittle to ductile regimes, Qinling-Dabie Shan ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic complex, central China. The Island Arc, 12, 423-435.   DOI
14 Magloughlin, J.F., 2005, Immiscible sulfide droplets in pseudotachylyte: Evidence for high temperature (>$1200^{\circ}C$) melts. Tectonophysics, 402, 81-91.   DOI
15 Maddock, R.H., Grocott, J. and van Nes, M., 1987, Vesicles, amygdales and similar structures in fault-generated pseudotachylytes. Lithos, 20, 419-432.   DOI
16 Magloughlin J.F., 1992, Microstructural and chemical changes associated with cataclasis and frictional melting at shallow crust levels: the cataclasite- pseudotachylyte connection. Tectonophysics, 204, 243-260.   DOI
17 Magloughlin, J.F. and Spray, J.G., 1992, Frictional melting process and products in geological materials: introduction and discussion. Tectonophysics, 204, 197-206.   DOI
18 Passchier, C.W., 1982, Pseudotachylyte and the development of ultramylonite bands in the Saint-Barthelemy Massif, French Pyrenees. Journal of Structural Geology, 4, 69-79.   DOI
19 McNulty B.A., 1995, Pseudotachylyte generated in semi-brittle and brittle regimes, Bench Canyon shear zone, central Sierra Nevada. Journal of Structural Geology, 11, 1,507-1,521.   DOI
20 Park, K.-H., Song, Y.-S. and Seo, J., 2018, U-Pb Geochronology of the Triassic Foliated Granite Distributed in the Eastern Sancheong Area, SW Yeongnam Massif, Korea and its Implications. Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea, 27, 223-233. (in Korean with English abstract)   DOI
21 Ryoo, C.-R., Kang, H.-C. and Lee, S.-W., 2019, Ductile Shear Deformation around Jirisan Area, Korea. Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea, 28, 53-69. (in Korean with English abstract)   DOI
22 Sibson, R.H., 1975, Generation of pseudotachylyte by ancient seismic faulting, Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, 43,775-43,794.
23 Turek, A. and Kim, C.-B., 1996, U-Pb zircon ages for Precambrian rocks in southwestern Ryeongnam and southwestern Gyeonggi massifs, Korea, Geochemical Journal, 30, 231-249.   DOI
24 Son, C.-M., Lee, S.-M., Won, J.-K., Chang, K.-H. and Kim, Y.-C., 1964, Explanatory text of the geological map (1:50,000) of Hwagae sheet. Geological Survey of Korea, 25p.
25 Spray, J.G., 1987, Artificial generation of pseudotachylyte using friction welding apparatus: simulation of melting on a fault plane. Journal of Structural Geology, 9, 49-60.   DOI
26 Toyoshima, T., 1990, Pseudotachylite from the main zone of the Hidaka metamorphic belt, Hokkaido, northern Japan. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 8, 507-523.   DOI
27 Han, R., 2017, Pseudotachylytes and seismic fault slip. Journal of the Geological Society of Korea, 53, 159-171. (in Korean with English abstract)   DOI
28 Ahn, S.-H., Kim, J.-S., Cho, H., Song, C.-W., Son, M., Ryoo, C.-R. and Kim, I.-S., 2010, Classification and Relative Chronology of Dyke Swarms in the Proterozoic Sancheong Anorthositic Rocks, South Korea. Journal of the Geological Society of Korea, 46, 13-30. (in Korean with English abstract)
29 Choo, C.-O. and Jeong, G.-C., 2017, Engineering Geological Implications of Fault Zone in Deep Drill Cores: Microtextural Characterization of Pseudotachylite and Seismic Activity. The Journal of Engineering Geology, 27, 489-500. (in Korean with English abstract)   DOI
30 Cowan, D.S., 1999, Do faults preserve a record of seismic slip? A field geologist's opinion. Journal of Structural Geology, 21, 995-1,001.   DOI
31 Kang, J.-H. and Lee, D.-S., 2016, Formation Process and Its Mechanism of the Sancheong Anorthosite Complex, Korea. Economic and Environmental Geology, 48, 431-449. (in Korean with English abstract)   DOI
32 Han, R., Kim, J.-S., Kim, C.-M., Hirose, T., Jeong, J. O. and Jeong, G. Y., 2019, Dynamic weakening of ring faults and catastrophic caldera collapses. Geology, 47, 107-110, doi:10.1130/G45687.1.   DOI
33 Jeong, J.-G., Chung, G. S. and Cho, M., 2011, The microworld of rocks: From the observation of the polarization microscope to the name of the rock. Sigmapress, Seoul, 274p. (in Korean)
34 Kang, H.-C., Han, R., Kim, C.-M., Cheon, Y., Cho, H., Yi, K., Son, M. and Kim, J.S., 2017, The Bonggil Pseudotachylyte, SE Korea: Its occurrence and characteristics. Journal of the Geological Society of Korea, 53, 173-191. (in Korean with English abstract)   DOI
35 Kim, J.-S., Cho, H., Ahn, S.-H., Song, C.-W., Son, M. and Kim, I.-S., 2010, SHRIMP U-Pb age of the Sancheong Anorthositic Rocks and Dyke Swarms, Yeongnam Massif, Korea (Abstract). Joint conference of the Geological Science and Technology of Korea, 125-126.
36 Kim, S.W., Kwon, S., Yi, K. and Santosh, M., 2014, Arc magmatism in the Yeongnam Massif, Korean Peninsula: imprints of Columbia and Rodinia supercontinents. Gondwana Research. 26, 1,009-1,027.   DOI
37 Kim, C.-M., Han, R., Kim, J.S., Sohn, Y.G., Jeong, J.O., Jeong, G.Y., Yi, K. and Kim, J.C., 2019, Fault zone processes during caldera collapse: Jangsan Caldera, Korea. Journal of Structural Geology, 124, 197-210.   DOI
38 Kirkpatrick, J.D. and Rowe, C.D., 2013, Disappearing ink: How pseudotachylytes are lost from the rock record. Journal of Structural Geology, 52, 183-198.   DOI