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http://dx.doi.org/10.5338/KJEA.2012.31.1.75

Current research trends for heavy metals of agricultural soils and crop uptake in Korea  

Lee, Ji-Ho (Chemical Safety Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science)
Kim, Ji-Young (Chemical Safety Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science)
Go, Woo-Ri (Chemical Safety Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science)
Jeong, Eun-Jung (Chemical Safety Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science)
Kunhikrishnan, Anitha (Chemical Safety Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science)
Jung, Goo-Bok (Climate Change & Agroecology Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science)
Kim, Doo-Ho (Chemical Safety Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science)
Kim, Won-Il (Chemical Safety Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture / v.31, no.1, 2012 , pp. 75-95 More about this Journal
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Increase of heavy metals in agricultural ecosystem has become a social issue nationwide as it is related to public health. This review was performed to find out more systematic and integrated future researches on heavy metals using up to date articles published in the Korean journals related to agricultural environment. METHODS AND RESULTS: Researches on heavy metals in agricultural soils and plant uptake were categorized by the establishment of criteria, analytical methods, monitoring, management of source, characteristics and behavior in soil, plant uptake, bioavailability affecting physico -chemical properties in soil, risk assessment and soil remediation. In the early 1990s, the monitoring for heavy metals in soil has been widely performed. Accumulation of heavy metals in contaminated soil and availability to plants has also attracted interests to study the soil remediation using various physico-chemical methods. The phytoavailability and phytotoxicity of heavy metals have been mainly studied to assess the safety of agro-products using risk assessment techniques in the 2000s. CONCLUSION: Future direction of research on heavy metal in agricultural environment must be carried out by ensuring food safety and sustainability. A steady survey and proper management for polluted regions should be continued. Law and regulation must be modified systematically. Furthermore, studies should expand on mitigation of heavy metal uptake by crops and remediation of polluted fields.
Keywords
Criteria; Heavy metals; Remediation; Risk assessment; Soil; Water;
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Times Cited By KSCI : 159  (Citation Analysis)
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95 Chung, D.Y., Noh, H.H., 2006. Breakthrough curves and elution patterns of heavy metals in sandy clay loam and clay soils, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 39(1), 21-28.   과학기술학회마을
96 Chung, J.B., Eum, J.S., 2001. Effects of organic matter and pH on chromium oxidation potential of soil, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 20(5), 346-351.   과학기술학회마을
97 Chung, D.Y., Lee, D.K., 1999. Sequential fractionation of heavy metals from mine tailings and two series of agricultural soils, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 32(4), 375-382.
98 Chung, D.Y., Noh, H.H., 2005. Competitive adsorption of multi-species of heavy metals onto sandy clay loam and clay soils, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 38(5), 238-246.   과학기술학회마을
99 Cho, J.S., Lee, H.J., Heo, J.S., 1997e. Heavy metal accumulation in cell of heavy metal-tolerant bacteria by some physical and chemical treatments, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 16(4), 311-319.   과학기술학회마을
100 Cho, J.S., Lee, H.J., Lee, Y.H., Sohn, B.K., Jung, Y.K., Heo, J.S., 1998. Binding site of heavy metals in the cell of heavy metal-tolerant mlicroorganisms, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 17(3), 246-253.
101 Cho, J.S., Park, I.N., Heo, J.S., Lee, Y.S., 2004. Biosorption and desorption of heavy metals using undaria sp., Korean J. Environ. Agric. 23(2), 92-98.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
102 Choi, Y.S., Kim, K.H., 2007. Relationship between extraction methods of copper in soil and the bioaccumulated copper in earthworm, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 40(4), 298-310.   과학기술학회마을
103 Awad, Y.M., Abdelhafez, A.A., Ahmad, M., Lee, S.S., Kim, R.Y., Sung, J.K., Ok, Y.S., 2010. Synthesis of nanoscale zerovalent iron particle and its application to Cr(IV) removal from aqueous solutions, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 29(4), 402-407.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
104 Choi, J., Lee, J.J., Hur, N.H., 1991. Development of several methods to remove cadmium from soil contaminated with cadmium, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 10(2), 128-132.   과학기술학회마을
105 Choi, J., Chang, S.M., Lee, D.H., Choi, C.R., Park, S.D., 1998a. Effect of municipal sewage sludge application on the change of physico-chemical properties and contents of heavy metals in soils, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 17(2), 170-173.   과학기술학회마을
106 Choi, J., Chang, S.M., Lee, D.H., Choi, C.R., Park, S.D., 1998b. Effect of municipal sewage sludge application on the contents of heavy metals content in paeonia abliflora pall root, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 17(4), 287-290.   과학기술학회마을
107 Cho, J.S., Han, M.G., Heo, J.S., 1992. Isolation of cadmium-Tolerant bacteria and characterization of cadmium accumulation into the bacteria cell, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 11(1), 77-85.   과학기술학회마을
108 Cho, J.S., Lee, H.J., Heo, J.S., 1996. Characteristics of lead accumulation in lead-tolerant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 15(3), 306-315.   과학기술학회마을
109 Cho, J.S., Han, M.G., Lee, H.J., Heo, J.S., 1997a. Copper accumulation in cells of copper-tolerant bacteria, Pseudomonas stutzeri. Korean J. Environ. Agric. 16(1), 48-54.   과학기술학회마을
110 Cho, J.S., Lee, W.K., Choi, H.S., Heo, J.S., 1997b. Distribution of heavy metal in the cell components of heavy metal-tolerant microorganisms, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 16(1), 55-60.   과학기술학회마을
111 Cho, J.S., Lee, H.J., Lee, W.K., Heo, J.S., 1997c. Effect of external factors on heavy metal accumulation in the cell of heavy metal-tolerant microorganisms, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 16(2), 124-129.   과학기술학회마을
112 Cho, J.S., Lee, H.J., Heo, J.S., 1997d. Influence of competing ions and metabolic inhibitors on heavy metal accumulation in the cell of heavy metal-tolerant microorganisms, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 16(2), 142-148.   과학기술학회마을
113 Nam, J.J., Lee, S.H., Kwon, S.I., Hong, S.Y., Lim, D.K., Koh, M.H., Song, B.H., 2004. Toxicity assessment of the soil by bioassay following a long-term application of sewage sludge, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 23(4), 258-263.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
114 Park, K.W., Hwang, S.K., Kim, Y.S., 1983. Studies on the pollution of heavy metal in vegetable crops grown in suburban area - part I, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 2(1), 13-17.
115 Park, J.S., Shin, J.D., Han, S.S., Yoon, D.J., 2002. Phytoremediation technology with using water celery (Oenanthe stolonifer DC.) to clean up heavy metals in the contaminated wastewater, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 21(2), 122-129.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
116 Moon, Y.H., Song, Y.G., Moon, H.S., Zhang, Y.S., 2010b. Mobility of metals in tailings using a column experiment from the guryong copper mine, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 43(3), 275-282.
117 Nicholson, F.A., Chambers, B.J., Alloway, B.J., 1997. Effect of soil pH on heavy metal Bioavailability. Proceedings of fourth international conference on the biogeochemistry of trace elements.
118 Oh, W.K., 1981. Studies on the alleviation of heavy metal (Cadmium) damage through soil improvement I. extraction of cadmium and the damage through exchangeable Cd++ by the application of soil amendments, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 14(4), 242-249.
119 Oh, W.K., 1986. Effect of combined application of lime and organic matter, and of calcium silicate on the growth and cadmium content of chinese cabbage, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 5(1), 61-66.   과학기술학회마을
120 Oh, Y.T., Sedberry, J.E., 1974. Arsenic toxicity of rice and its interrelation with zinc, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 7(1), 43-47.
121 Lim, S.U., Kim, S.K., 1983. Distribution of cadmium fractions in paddy soils and their relation to cadmium content in brown rice, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 16(1), 28-35.
122 Lee, J.H., Go, W.R., Kunhikrishnan, A., Yoo, J.H., Kim, J.Y., Kim, W.I., 2011d. Chemical composition and heavy metal contents in commercial liquid pig manures, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 44(6), 1085-1088.   DOI   ScienceOn
123 Lee, J.H., Kim, W.I., Jeong, E.J., Yoo, J.H., Kim, J.Y., Lee, J.B., Im, G.J., Hong, M.K., 2011e. Assessment of health risk associated with arsenic exposure from soil, groundwater, polished rice for setting target cleanup level nearby abandoned mines, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 44(1), 38-47.   DOI   ScienceOn
124 Lee, J.H., Jeong, E.J.,Im, G.J., Hong, M.K., Kim, W.I., 2011f. Human HaCaT cell toxicity associated with oxidative stress on the polished rice grown adjacent to abandoned mines and potential health risk through rice intake, J. Korean Soc. Appl. Biol. Chem. 54(6), 978-985.   DOI
125 Lee, D.B., Henmi, T., Lee, K.B., Kim, J.D., 2000b. Studies on the production of artificial zeolite from coal fly ash and its utilization in agro-environment, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 19(5), 401-418.   과학기술학회마을
126 Lee, O.M., Jeong, J.H., Im, S.G., Kim, J.G., Og, Y.S., 2003. Soil-water partition coefficients for cadmium in some Korean soils, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 36(4), 200-209.   과학기술학회마을
127 Lee, H.N., Og, Y.S., Kim, J.G., 2004. Screening of wintering Cd hyperaccumulators, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 37(1), 14-18.   과학기술학회마을
128 Lee, J.Y., Hong, C.O., Lee, C.H., Lee, D.K., Kim, P.J., 2005. Dynamics of heavy metals in soil amended with oyster shell meal, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 24(4), 358-363.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
129 Lee, J.J., Wada, H. Choi, J., 1990. Secretion characteristics of mugineic acid and its analogous phytosiderophore from high heavy metal - induced rice roots. Korean J. Environ. Agric. 9(1), 39-45.   과학기술학회마을
130 Lee, M.H., Lim, S.K., Park, Y.D., Lee, S.H., 1988. Behaviors of arsenic in paddy soils and effects of absorbed arsenic on physiological and ecological chracteristics of the rice plant. V Effect of arsenic added to soil on ecological characteristics of the rice plant, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 7(1), 21-25.   과학기술학회마을
131 Lee, J.P., Park, N.K., Kim, B.J., 1994. Influence of heavy metal contents in soils near old zinc - mining sites on the growth of corn, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 13(3), 241-250.   과학기술학회마을
132 Lee, S.J., Kim, J.E., 1991a. Pollution of Pb in paddy field soil and plants at roadside areas - I. Pollution of Pb in paddy field soil and its chemical forms, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 10(1), 1-10.   과학기술학회마을
133 Lee, S.J., Kim, J.E., 1991b. Pollution of Pb in paddy field soil and rice plant at roadside areas - II. A study of the relationship between the content of Pb in paddy field soil and rice plant, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 10(2), 138-148.
134 Lee, S.M., Cho, C.M., 1999. Transport characteristics of Cd, Cu and Zn in a sewage sludge - treated calcareous soil, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 32(4), 412-420.
135 Lee, S.M., Goh, T.B., 2000. Kinetic study of cadmium adsorption by sewage sludge, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 33(1), 32-39.
136 Lee, S.G., Kang, B.H., 2001. Feasibility of tobacco (nicotiana tabacum L.) for phytoremediation of soil contaminated with Zn and Cu, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 20(4), 211-217.   과학기술학회마을
137 Lim, S.K., Lee, Y.J., Choi, H.J., 1991. Effects of soil solution pH on adsorption and desorption of Cd, Cu and Zn by soils, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 10(2), 119-127.   과학기술학회마을
138 Og, Y.S., Jeong, J.H., Lee, O.M., Im, S.G., Kim, J.G., 2003a. Surface complexation modeling of cadmium sorption onto synthetic goethite and quartz, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 36(4), 210-217.
139 Og, Y,S,, Kim, S.H., Kim, D.Y., Lee, H.N., Im, S.G., Kim, J.G., 2003b. Feasibility of phytoremediation for metal-contaminated abandoned mining area, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 36(5), 323-332.
140 Ok, Y.S., Lim, S.K., Kim, J.G., 2003. The application of dual function organoclay on remediation of toxic metals and organic compounds in soil-water system, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 22(3), 177-184.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
141 Lim, D.K., Lee, S.H., Kwon, S.I., Seong, K. S., Lee, J.T., Song, B.H., 2006. Study of trace element and PAHs distribution for extensive regulation establishment in raw material of compost on organic resource, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 39(6), 339-344.
142 Lim, H.C., Moon, K.H., Jeon, S.J., Chang, K.M., Hyun, H.N., 2008. Characteristics of natural pedo-geochemical background for Ni, Cu and Zn in volcanic soils of of jeju, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 41(3), 199-205.
143 Lim, H.C., Moon, K.H., Jeon, S.J., Park, W.P., Hyun, H.N., 2009. Sequential extraction of trace elements and uptake by pakchoi from volcanic soils in jeju island, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 42(2), 65-69.
144 Moon, Y.H., Kim, Y.H., Ryang, H.S., 1990. Effects of heavy metals Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn on growth of radish and Chinese cabbage in soils, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 9(2), 113-119.   과학기술학회마을
145 Lee, Y.H., Lee, S.T., Heo, J.Y., Kim, M.G., Hong, K.P., Kim, E.S., Song, W.D., Rho, C.W., Lee, J.H., Jeon, W.T., Ko, B.G., Rho, K.A., Ha, S.K., 2010a. Monitoring of heavy metal contents from paddy soil in Gyeongnam Province, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 43(3), 289-295.
146 Lee, J.H., Doolittle, J.J., Oh, B.T., 2006. Evaluation of sequential extraction techniques for selected heavy metal speciation in contaminated soils, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 25(3), 236-246.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
147 Lee, H.Y., Hong, K.C., Lim, J.E., Joo, J.H., Yang, J.E., Ok, Y.S., 2009a. Adsorption of heavy metal lons from aqueous solution by chestnut shell, Korean J. Environ. Agic. 28(1), 69-74.   DOI   ScienceOn
148 Lee, H.Y., Jeon, C.,Lim, K.J., Hong, K.C., Lim, J.E., Choi, B.S., Kim, N.W., Yang, J.E., Ok, Y.S., 2009b. Adsorption characteristics of heavy metals ions onto chemically modified rice husk and sawdust from aqueous solutions, Korean J. Environ. Agic. 28(2), 158-164.   DOI   ScienceOn
149 Lee, J.J., Choi, J., Chang, S.M., 1995a. Heavy metal adsorption on the natural zeolite saturated with cation, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 28(1), 28-32.
150 Lee, J.J., Chang, S.M., Choi, J., 1995b. Adsorption of heavy metal cations by Fe and Al hydroxides, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 28(2), 105-113.
151 Lee, J.J., Chang, S.M., Choi, J., 1995c. Mechanisms of humic acid-heavy metal complexation, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 28(2), 114-122.
152 Lee, J.P., Park, N.K., Park, S.D., Choi, B.S., Kim, B.J., 1996a. Effect of heavy metal contents in soils near old zinc - mining sites on the growth of and their uptake by soybean, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 15(3), 275-281.   과학기술학회마을
153 Lee, H.J., Jeong, I.H., Cho, J.S., Heo, J.S., 1996b. Degradation chracteristics of paper sludge and changes of heavy metals in soil, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 15(3), 296-305.
154 Lee, M.H., Kim, K.S., Kim, B.Y., Han, K.H., 1984. Effect of lime application on growth and Cd uptake of paddy rice, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 17(3), 258-264.
155 Lee, J.S., Chon, H.T., 2005. Risk assessment of arsenic by human exposure of contaminated soil, ground water, and rice grain, Econ. Environ. Geol. 38(5), 535-545.
156 Lee, J.H., Doolittle, J.J., 2006. Investigation of cadmium and zinc interactions in soils using desorption isotherms, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 25(2), 157-163.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
157 Lee, M.H., Kim, B.J., Park, Y.S., Bin, Y.H., 1981. Studies on the method of cadmium analysis in paddy soils, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 14(4), 230-235.
158 Lee, J.H., 2001. Influences of sulfate and nitrate application on cadmium sorption in soils, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 20(5), 352-357.   과학기술학회마을
159 Lee, S.M., 2010. Effect of various biodegradable chelating agents on growth of plants under lead stress, Korean J. Environ. Agic., 28(4), 61-65.
160 Lee, M.H., Kim, B.Y., 1985. The effect of Cd and Zn elements applied to soil on the growth and their uptake of corn plant, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 4(1), 11-17.   과학기술학회마을
161 Lee, S.R., Song, K.J., 1985. A survey on the heavy metal concentration of soil samples around Onsan industrial complex, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 4(2), 88-94.   과학기술학회마을
162 Lee, J.J., Choi, J., 1986a. Investigation of heavy metal (Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb) contents in the effluents, soils and plants at Keumho riverside, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 5(1), 24-29.   과학기술학회마을
163 Kwon, S.I., Jung, K.Y., Jung, G.B., Park, B.G., 2000. Distribution of chromium in radish and soil by successive leather processing sludge treatment, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 19(1), 20-25.
164 Kim, R.Y., Jung, G.B., Sung, J.K., Lee, J.Y., Jang, B.C., Yun, H.B., Lee, Y.J., Song, Y.S., Kim, W.I., Lee, J.S., Ha, S.K., 2011d. Understanding of a Korean standard for the analysis of hexavalent chromium in soils and interpretation of their results, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 44(5), 727-733.   DOI   ScienceOn
165 Kim, R.Y., Sung, J.K., Lee, J.Y., Jang, B.C., Ha, S.K., Lee, J.S., 2011e. Influence of soil pH, total and mobile contents on copper and zinc uptake by lettuce grown in plastic film houses, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 44(6), 1042-1047.   DOI   ScienceOn
166 Koo, B.J., Chung, D.Y., 2005. Effects of biosolids on heavy metal bioavailability and organic acid production in rhizosphere of Zea mays L., Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 38(4), 173-179.
167 Kim, W.I., Kim, J.K., Yoo, J.H., Paik, M.K., Park, S.W., Kwon, O.K., Hong, M.K., Yang, J.E., Kim, J.G., 2009a. Risk assessment of As, Cd, Cu and Pb in different rice varieties grown on the contaminated paddy soil, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 42(1), 53-57.   과학기술학회마을
168 Kim, K.R., Owens, G., Naidu, R., Kwon, S.I., Kim, K.H., 2009b. Lead induced organic acid exudation and citrate enhanced Pb uptake in hydroponic system, Korean J. Environ. Agic. 28(2), 146-157.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
169 Kim, R.Y., Sung, J.K., Lee, J.Y., Kim, S.C., Jang, B.C., Kim, W.I., Ok, Y.S., 2010a. Choromium distribution in Korean soils: a review, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 43(3), 296-303.
170 Kim, K.R., Naidu, R., Kim, J.G., 2010b. Utilization of biosolid for enhanced heavy metal removal and biomass production in contaminated soils, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 43(5), 558-564.
171 Kim, W.I., Park. B.J., Park, S.W., Kim, J.K., Kwon, O.K., Jung, G.B., Lee, J.K., Kim, J.G., 2008e. Relationship between fraction of Cd in paddy soils near closed mine and Cd in polished rice cultivated on the same fields, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 41(3), 184-189.   과학기술학회마을
172 Kim, D.Y., Lee, Y.J., Lee, J.K., Koo, N., Kim, J.G., 2008b. Growth response and arsenic uptake of whith clover(Trifolium repens) and evening primrose(Oenothera odorata) colonized with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in arsenic-contaminated soil, Korean J. Environ. Agic. 27(1), 50-59.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
173 Kim, K.R., Owens, G., Naidu, R., Kim, K.H., 2008c. Influence of vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides) on rhizosphere chemistry in long-term contaminated soils, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 41(1), 55-64.   과학기술학회마을
174 Kim, W.I., Kim, M.S., Roh, K.A., Yun, S.G., Park, B.J., Jung, G.B., Kang, C.S., Cho, K.R., Ahn, M.S., Choi, S.C., Kim, H.J., Kim, Y.S., Nam, Y.K., Choi, M.T., Moon, Y.H., Uhm, M.J., Kim, H.K., Kim, H.W., Seo, Y.J., Kim, J.S., Choi, Y.J., Lee, Y.H., Lee, S.C., and Hwang, J.J., 2008d. Long-term monitoring study of heavy metal contents in paddy soils, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert., 41(3):190-198.
175 Kim, W.I., Jung, G.B., Kim, M.K., Park, K.L., Yun, S.G., 2001. Effects of cadmium concentration in soils on growth and cadmium uptake of vegetable, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 20(3), 175-179.   과학기술학회마을
176 Kim, W.I., Jung, G.B., Lee, J.S., Kim, J.H., Shin, J.D., Yun, S.G., 2003. Heavy metal contents in commercial horticultural growing media, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 22(3), 233-235.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
177 Kim, B.Y., Lee, J.S., So, K.H., Cho, J.K., Park, J.H., 1995a. Influence of fly ash application on content of heavy metal in the soil IV. changes of the heavy metal content of the infilteration water at paddy field, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert., 28(2), 130-134.
178 Kim, B.Y., Lim, S.U., Park, J.H., 1994d. Influence of fly ash application on content of heavy metal in the soil I. content change by the application rate, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 27(2), 65-71.
179 Kim, B.Y., Lim, S.U., Park, J.H., 1994e. Influence of fly ash application on content of heavy metal in the soil II. content change by the successive application, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 27(2), 72-77.
180 Kim, B.Y., Jung, G.B., Lim, S.U., Park, J.H., 1994f. Influence of fly ash appliction on content of heavy metals in the soil III. content change in the rice and soybean by the application rate, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 27(3), 220-225.
181 Kim, B.Y., Jung, B.K., Choi, J.W., Yun, E.S., Choi, S., 1995b. Heavy Metals in Paddy Soil of Korea, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 28(4), 295-300.
182 Kim, S.J., Baek, S.H., Moon, K.H., 1996a. Fractionation of heavy metals and correlation with their contents in rice plant grown in paddy near smelter area. Korean J. Environ. Agric. 15(1), 1-10.   과학기술학회마을
183 Kim, Y.W., Yoon, C.H., Shin, B.S., Kim, K.S., 1996b. Effects of fly ash on heavy metal contents in percolated water of paddy soil, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 29(3), 236-242.
184 Kim, S.J., Baek, S.H., Han, G.L., 1989c. Long-term sludge application on extractable contents of copper in soils, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 22(2), 116-121.
185 Kim, S.J., Baek, S.H., Kim, J.Y., Yoo, H.C., 1990. Effect of municipal sludge on contents of cadmium and zinc in crop plants. Korean J. Environ. Agric. 9(2), 121-131.
186 Kang, B.H., Shim, S.I., Lee, S.G., 1996. Application of weed species as the diagnostic indicator plants of environmental pollution, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 15(1), 46-69.   과학기술학회마을
187 Kim, B.J., Ha, Y.L., Kim, J.O., Han, K.H., 1978b. Influence of toxic heavy metals on germination of rice seeds and growth of rice seedling, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert., 11(2), 119-126.
188 Jung, G.B., Kim, M.K., Lee, J.S., Kim, W.I., Kim, G.Y., Ko, B.G., Kang, K.K., Kwon, S.I., 2011. Wet deposition of heavy metals during farming season in taean, Korea, Korean J. Environ. Agic. 30(2), 153-159.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
189 Kabata-Pendias, A., Pendias, H. 1984. Trace elements in soils and plants, CRC Press, Inc.
190 Kang, B.H., Shim, S.I., Lee, S.G., Kim, K.H., Chung, I.M., 1998. Study on the potential of phytoremediation using wild plants for heavy metal pollution, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 17(4), 312-318.   과학기술학회마을
191 Kang J.M. 2007. Heavy metal contents in commercial feed and pig manure in Korea. Korean Agricultural Products Quality Management Service Annual Research Report.
192 Kim, B.J. 1987a. Studies on the effects of phosphorous on cadmium uptake by rice plant, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 20(1), 11-16.
193 Kim, B.J., 1987b. Studies on the effects of several amendments on the uptake of Cd, Cu and Zn by rice plant, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 6(1), 25-30.   과학기술학회마을
194 Kim, B.Y., 1995. Effect of heavy metal contents in upland soil on the uptake by green onion and lettuce and their growth, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 14(3), 253-262.   과학기술학회마을
195 Lee, D.H., Oh, S.G., Choi, C.L., Park, M., Choi, J., 2000a. Heavy metal removal in leaching water from the region buried tungsten tailing, Korean J. Environ. Agric., 19(3), 218-222.
196 Lee, H.J., Cho, J.S., Lee, W.K., Heo, J.S., 1997. Effects of municipal sewage and industrial wastewater sludge composts on chemical properties of soil and growth of corn plant, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 16(3), 220-226.   과학기술학회마을
197 Lee, D.B., Lee, K.B., Lee, S.B., Han, S.S., Henmi, T., 1998. Sorption of heavy metals from the wastewater by the artificial zeolite, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 31(1), 61-66.
198 Lee, D.B., Lee, K.B., Lee, S.B., Kim, J.D., Henmi, T., 1999. Effect of artificial granular zeolite (AGZ) on purification of heavy metals in wastewater and alleviation of rice seedling growth damage, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 32(4), 446-451.
199 Lee, M.H., Lim, S.K., Kim, B.Y., 1986a. Behaviors of arsenic in paddy soils and effects of absorbed arsenic on physiological and ecological characteristic of rice plant. I Distribution of arsenic fractions in paddy soils and their relatons to arsenic content in brown rice, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 5(1), 35-42.   과학기술학회마을
200 Lee, M.H., Lim, S.K., Kim, B.Y., 1986b. Behaviors of arsenic in paddy soils and effects of absorbed arsenic on physiological and ecological characteristic of rice plant. II Effect of As treatment on the growth and As uptake of rice plant, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 5(2), 95-100.   과학기술학회마을
201 Lee, M.H., Lim, S.K., Kim, B.Y., 1987. Behaviors of arsenic in paddy soils and effects of absorbed arsenic on physiological and ecological characteristic of rice plant. IV Effect of As content in water culture on transpiration, stomatal resistance, temperature and humidity in the leaves of rice plant, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 6(2), 39-45   과학기술학회마을
202 Kim, H.J., You, R.B., Han, S.S., Woo, S.H., Lee, M.S., Baek, K.T., Chung, K.Y., 2010g. Effect of the various heavy metals on the growth and phosphorus (P) Removal capacity of the phosphorus accumulating microorganism(Pseudomonas sp.), Korean J. Environ. Agic. 29(2), 189-196.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
203 Lee, J.J., Choi, J., 1986b. Heavy metal (Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb) distribution and its form of the sludges on Keumho river and her branches, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 5(1), 30-34.   과학기술학회마을
204 Lee, S.R., Song, K.J., 1986. A survey on the heavy metal concentrations of crop materials grown near Onsan industrial complex, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 5(1), 43-47.   과학기술학회마을
205 Lee, M.H., Lim, S.K., 1987. Behaviors of arsenic in paddy soils and effects of absorbed arsenic on physiological and ecological characteristic of rice plant. III Effect of water management on As uptake and the growth of tice plant at As added soil, Korean J. Environ. Agric., 6(1), 1-6.
206 Kim, J.Y., Kim, Y.J., Yoo, J.H., Lee, J.H., Kim, M.J., Kang, D.W., Im, G.J., Hong, M.K., Shin, Y.J., kim, W.I., 2011a. A study on the factors causing analytical errors through the estimation of uncertainty for cadmium and lead analysis in tomato paste, Korean J. Environ. Agic. 30(2), 179-188.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
207 Kim, J.Y., Choi, N,G., Yoo, J.H., Lee, J.H., Lee, Y.G., Jo, K.K., Lee, C.H., Hong, S.M., Im, G.J., Hong, M.K., Kim, W.I., 2011b. Monitoring and risk assessment of cadmium and lead in agricultural products, Korean J. Environ. Agic. 30(3), 330-338.   DOI   ScienceOn
208 Kim, K.H., Kim, Y.N., Lim, G.H., Lee, M.N., Jung, Y.H., 2011c. Expression of catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in MuSI transgenic tobacco under cadmium stress, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert., 44(1), 38-47.   DOI   ScienceOn
209 Kim, W.I., Kim, J.J., Yoo, J.H., Kim, J.Y., Lee, J.H., Paik, M.K., Kim, R.Y., Im, G.J., 2010d. Arsenic fractionation and bioavailability in paddy soils near closed mines in Korea, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 43(6), 917-922.
210 Kim, K.R., Park, J.S., Kim, M.S., Koo, N.I., Lee, S.H., Lee, J.S., Kim, S.C., Yang, J.E., Kim, J.G., 2010c. Changes in heavy metal phytoavailability by application of immobilizing agents and soil cover in the upland soil nearby abandoned mining area and subsequent metal uptake by red pepper, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 43(6), 864-871.
211 Kim, R.Y., Sung, J.K., Lee, J.Y., Lee, Y.J., Jung, S.J., Lee, J.S., Jang, B.C., 2010e. Accumulation, mobility, and availability of copper and zinc in plastic film house soils using speciation analysis, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 43(6), 973-944.
212 Kim, M.S., Ham, K.J., Ok, Y.S., Gang, S.H., 2010f. Adsorption characteristics of cadmium ions from aqueous solution using by-product of brewing, Korean J. Environ. Agic. 29(2), 152-158.   DOI   ScienceOn
213 Kim, S.J., Jung, A.Y., Joo, J.H., 2007c. Lead tolerance profile of Pseudomanas stuzeri in liquid culture, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 26(4), 332-336.   DOI   ScienceOn
214 Kim, W.I., Yang, J.E., Jung, G.B., Park. B.J., Park, S.W., Kim, J.K., Kwon, O.K., Ryu, G.H., 2007d. Bioavailability and safety issues of heavy metals in paddy soil-rice continuum in Korea, Food & Fertilizer Technology Bulletin 597.
215 Kim, J.H., Han, K.H., Lee, J.S., 2008a. Unit loadings of heavy metals by non-point sources-case study in a valley watershed, Korean J. Environ. Agic. 27(1), 35-43.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
216 Kim, K.R., Kim, K.H., Owens, G., Naidu, R., 2007a. Hyperaccumulation mechanism in plants and the effects of roots on rhizosphere soil chemistry-a critical review, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 40(4), 280-291.   과학기술학회마을
217 Kim, M.K., Kim, W.I., Jeong, G.B., Park, G.L., Yun, S.G., Eom, G.C., 2004a. Effects of lime and humic acid on the cadmium availability and its uptake by rice in paddy soils, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 23(1), 28-33.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
218 Kim, M.C., S.T. Song, and K.J. Hwang. 2004b. Evaluation of slurry, urine and fermented liquid manure at pig farms in Jeju area regarding chemical composition and pollution level, J. Anim. Sci. & Technol. 46(3):469-478.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
219 Kim, S.U., Choi, I.W., Seo, D.C., Han, M.H., Kang, B.H., Heo, J.S., Shon, B.K., Cho, J.S., 2005. Biosorption of heavy metal in aqueous solution by heavy metal tolerant microorganism isolated from heavy metal contaminated soil, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 24(4), 379-385.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
220 Kim, K.R., Kim, K.H., Owens, G., Naidu, R., 2007b. Assessment techniques of heavy metal bioavailability in soil-a critical review, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 40(4), 311-325.   과학기술학회마을
221 Kim, S.J., Baek, S.H., Moon, K.H., 1996c. A correlation between the fractionation of heavy metals in the paddy soil of the Mangyeong river basin and their uptake by rice plants grown on it, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 15(3), 372-382.
222 Kim, S.J., Baek, S.H., Moon, K.H., Jang, K.H., Kim, S.J., 1998a. Distribution of heavy metals in soil at Iksan 1st industrial complex area, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 17(1), 48-53.   과학기술학회마을
223 Kim, S.J., Ryu, T.K., Lee, M.S., Yang, C.H., Jeon, K.S., Baek, S.H., 1992b. Variation of lead content in paddy rice and soil of Mangyeoung river area, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 11(3), 177-184.   과학기술학회마을
224 Kim, S.S., Park, M., Hur, N.H., Choi, J., 1991a. Development of heavy metal adsorbent utillising natural zeolite. Korean J. Environ. Agric. 10(1), 11-19.
225 Kim, S.J., Baek, S.H., Kook, J.H., 1991b. Effect of dietary cadmium levels on cadmium accumulation in feeding mice, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 10(1), 77-83.   과학기술학회마을
226 Kim, S.J., Baek, S.H., Chung, D.J., 1992a. Effects of municipal sewage sludge on contents of lead and copper in copper in crop plants, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 11(1), 9-19.   과학기술학회마을
227 Kim, S.J., Ryu, T.K., Lee, M.S., Yang, C.H., Jeon, K.S., Baek, S.H., 1992c. Variation of lead content in paddy rice and soil of janghang smelter area, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 11(3), 185-193.   과학기술학회마을
228 Kim, B.Y., Kim, K.S., Lee, J.S., Yoo, S.H., 1993. Survey on the natural heavy metal contents in fruits and orchard soils in Korea, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 35(2), 280-290.
229 Kim, S.J., Lee, M.S., Ryu, T.K., Yang, C.H., Moon, K.H., Baek, S.H., 1994a. Variation of copper content in paddy soil and rice from Janghang smelter area, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 13(1), 1-9.   과학기술학회마을
230 Kim, B.Y., Kim, K.S., Cho, J.K., 1982. Survey on heavy metals in paddy soil and brown rice in Korea, Ann. Report of Agr. Exp. Research 24, 51-57.
231 Jung, G.B., Kim, W.I., Lee, J.S., Lee, J.S., Park, C.W., Koh, M.H., 2005b. Characteristics of heavy metal contamination in residual mine tailings near abandoned metalliferous mines in Korea, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 24(3), 222-231   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
232 Kim, M.K., Lee, K.S., 1983. Heavy metal contents of the drainage- basin soil in Daejon area, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 2(2), 78-82.   과학기술학회마을
233 Kim, S.J., Baek, S.H., 1984. Effect of leaf mold on Cd uptake in paddy soil by rice plant, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 18(1), 99-104.
234 Jung, G.B., Kim, W.I., Lee, J.S., Shin, J.D., Kim, J.H., Yun, S.G., 2005a. Availability of heavy metals in soils with different characteristics and controversial points for analytical methods of soil contamination in Korea, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 24(2), 106-116.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
235 Jung, G.B., Lee, J.S., Kim, W.I., Kim, J.H., Shin, J.D., Yun, S.G., 2005c. Fractionation and potential mobility of heavy metals in tailings and paddy soils near abandoned metalliferous mines, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 38(5), 259-268.   과학기술학회마을
236 Jung, G.B., Kim, W.I., Lee, J.S., Shin, J.D., Kim, J.H., Lee, J.T., 2006. Availability of heavy metals in soil and their translocation to water dropwort (Oenanthe javanica DC.) cultivated near industrial complex, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 25(4), 323-330.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
237 Jung, G.B., Lee, J.S., Kim, W.I., Kim, J.H., Yun, S.G., 2007a. Wet deposition of heavy metals in Suwon area, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 26(2), 116-123.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
238 Kim, J.G., Lim, S.K., Lee, S.H., Yoon, Y.M., Lee, C.H., Jeong, C.Y., 1999a. Evaluation of heavy metal pollution and plant survey around inactive and abandoned mining areas for phytoremedation of heavy metal contaminated soils. Korean J. Environ. Agric., 18(1), 28-34.   과학기술학회마을
239 Kim, J.G., Lee, C.H., Lee, W.S., Lim, S.K., 1998b. Effect of organic matter application on heavy metal uptake of infant rice seedling, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 17(2), 150-155.   과학기술학회마을
240 Kim, S.K., Lee, S.C., Min, G.G., Lee, S.P., Choi, B.S., Yeo, S.K., 1998c. Effects of copper and zinc on germination, chlorophyll and organic compounds in seedling of rice (Oryza sativa L.), Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 31(1), 51-55.
241 Kim, S.J., Baek, S.H., Moon, K.H., Jang, K.H., Kim, S.J., 1999b. Distribution of heavy metals in soil at lksan 2nd industrial complex area, Korean J. Environ. Agric., 18(3), 250-258.
242 Kim, M.H., Chang, M.I., Chung, S.Y., Sho, Y.S., Hong, M.K., 2000a. Trace metal contents in cereals, pulses, potatoes and their safety evaluation, J. Korean Soc. food Sci, nutr. 29 (3), 364-368.
243 Kim, T.W., Lee, J.Y., Lee, Y.S., Hwang, S.W., Yoon, Y.S., 2000b. Polymine alleviates inhibition of $O_{2}$evolution by Cd for spinich, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert., 33(4), 247-252.
244 Kim, S.J., Lee, M.S., Ryu, T.K., Kim, U.S., Yoon, K.W., Baek, S.H., 1994b. Variation of copper content in paddy soil and rice from Mangyeong river area, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 13(1), 10-18.   과학기술학회마을
245 Kim, S.J., Baek, S.H., Kim, U.S., Moon, K.H., Kang, G.W., 1994c. Variation of cadmium and zinc content in rice and soil of the Mangyeong river area, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 13(2), 142-150.   과학기술학회마을
246 Kim, K.S., Kim, B.Y., Han, K.H., 1986b. Studies on uptake by crops of lead and reduction of it's damage. II. Effect of application of calcium and phosphate materials on Pb solubility in soil, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 19(3), 217-221.
247 Kim, K.S., Kim, B.Y., Park, Y.S., 1983. Effect of various cadmium compounds on the growth and cadmium uptake of paddy rice, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 2(1), 6-12.   과학기술학회마을
248 Kim, K.S., Kim, B.Y., Lee, M.H., Han, K.H., Kim, M.S., 1985. Effect of water management and lime application on the growth and copper uptake of paddy rice, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 4(2), 102-107.   과학기술학회마을
249 Kim, Y.K., Lee, J.J., Choi, J., 1986a. Cadmium adsorption by natural zeolite. Korean J. Environ. Agric. 5(2), 101-105.   과학기술학회마을
250 Kim, B.Y., Kim, K.S., Han, K.H., 1986c. Studies on uptake of lead by crops and reduction of it's damage. III. Effect of water management and lime application on Pb uptake in paddy rice, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 19(4), 291-296.
251 Kim, B.Y., Kim, K.S., Han, K.H., 1988. Studies on lead uptake by crops and reduction of it's damage. IV. Effects of application of calcium and phosphate materials on lead uptake by upland crops, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert., 21(4), 426-433.
252 Kim, D.H., Kim, S.K., Kwon, O.K., 1989a. Studies on the correlation between heavy metal contents of apple orchard lands and its' leaves, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 8(1), 1-6.   과학기술학회마을
253 Kim, B.Y., Kim, K.S., Cho, J.K., 1989b. Studies on the cadmium removal from soil through crops cultivation, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 22(2), 111-115.
254 Jung, G.B., Kim, W.I., Moon, K.H., Ryu, I.S., 2000c. Comparisons of simple extraction methods and availability for heavy metals in paddy soils, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 19(4), 314-318.   과학기술학회마을
255 Jung, G.B., Kim, W.I., Lee, J.S., Kim, J.H., Lee, J.T., 2007b. Relationships between speciation of heavy metals in soil and water dropwort (Oenanthe javanica DC.) cultivated near industrial complex, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 40(2), 164-171.   과학기술학회마을
256 Jung, G.B., Lee, J.S., Kim, W.I., Ryu, J.S., Yun, S.G., 2008. Monitoring of seasonal water quality variations and environmental contamination in the sambo mine creek, Korea. Korean J. Environ. Agric. 27(4), 328-336.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
257 Jung, G.B., Kim, W.I., Moon, K.H., 2000b. Studies on the phytoextraction of cadmium and lead contaminated soils by plants cultivation, Korean J. Environ. Agric., 19(3), 213-217.   과학기술학회마을
258 Jung, G.B., Kim, W.I., Ryu, I.S., 2000d. Fractionation and availability of heavy metals in paddy soils near abandoned mining areas, Korean J. Environ. Agric., 19(4), 319-323.   과학기술학회마을
259 Jung, G.B., Kim, W.I., Park, K.L., Yun, S.G., 2001. Vertical distribution of heavy metals in paddy soil near abandoned metal mines, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 20(4), 297-302.   과학기술학회마을
260 Jung, G.B., Kim, W.I., Lee, J.S., Kim, K.M., 2002a. Phytoremediation of soils contaminated with heavy metal by long-term cultivation, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 21(1), 31-37.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn