Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5338/KJEA.2009.28.3.233

Ammonia Volatilization from Rice Paddy Soils Fertilized with 15N-Urea Under Elevated CO2 and Temperature  

Lim, Sang-Sun (Department of Biosystem & Agricultural Engineering, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Chonnam National University)
Kwak, Jin-Hyeob (Department of Biosystem & Agricultural Engineering, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Chonnam National University)
Lee, Dong-Suk (Department of Biosystem & Agricultural Engineering, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Chonnam National University)
Lee, Sun-Il (Department of Biosystem & Agricultural Engineering, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Chonnam National University)
Park, Hyun-Jung (Department of Biosystem & Agricultural Engineering, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Chonnam National University)
Kim, Han-Yong (Department of Plant Science, Chonnam National University)
Nam, Hong-Shik (National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration)
Cho, Kyeong-Min (Watershed Environment Research Section, Yeongsan River Environment Research Center)
Choi, Woo-Jung (Department of Biosystem & Agricultural Engineering, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Chonnam National University)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture / v.28, no.3, 2009 , pp. 233-237 More about this Journal
Abstract
It has widely been observed that the effect of elevating atmospheric $CO_2$ concentrations on rice productivity depends largely on soil N availabilities. However, the responses of ammonia volatilization from flooded paddy soil that is an important pathway of N loss and thus affecting fertilizer N availability to concomitant increases in atmospheric $CO_2$ and temperature has rarely been studied. In this paper, we first report the interactive effect of elevated $CO_2$ and temperature on ammonia volatilization from rice paddy soils applied with urea. Urea labeled with $^{15}N$ was used to quantitatively estimate the contribution of applied urea-N to total ammonia volatilization. This study was conducted using Temperature Gradient Chambers (TGCs) with two $CO_2$ levels [ambient $CO_2$ (AC), 383 ppmv and elevated $CO_2$ (EC), 645 ppmv] as whole-plot treatment (main treatment) and two temperature levels [ambient temperature (AT), $25.7^{\circ}C$ and elevated temperature (ET), $27.8^{\circ}C$] as split-plot treatments (sub-treatment) with triplicates. Elevated temperature increased ammonia volatilization probably due to a shift of chemical equilibrium toward $NH_3$ production via enhanced hydrolysis of urea to $NH_3$ of which rate is dependent on temperature. Meanwhile, elevated $CO_2$ decreased ammonia volatilization and that could be attributed to increased rhizosphere biomass that assimilates $NH_4^+$ otherwise being lost via volatilization. Such opposite effects of elevated temperature and $CO_2$ resulted in the accumulated amount of ammonia volatilization in the order of ACET>ACAT>ECET>ECAT. The pattern of ammonia volatilization from applied urea-$^{15}N$ as affected by treatments was very similar to that of total ammonia volatilization. Our results suggest that elevated $CO_2$ has the potential to decrease ammonia volatilization from paddy soils applied with urea, but the effect could partially be offset when air temperature rises concomitantly.
Keywords
Ammonia Emission; Global Warming; Paddy Fields; Urea Hydrolysis;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Avnimelech, Y. and Laher, M. (1977) Ammonia volatilization from soils: Equilibrium considerations. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 41, 1080-1084   DOI   ScienceOn
2 Freeman, C., Fenner, N., Ostle, N. J., Kang, H., Dowrick, D. J., Reynolds, B., Lock, M. A., Sleep, D., Hughes, S., and Hudson, J. (2004) Export of dissolved organic carbon from peatlands under elevated carbon dioxide levels. Nature 430, 195-198   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Nathan, M. V. and Malzer, G.L. (1994) Dynamics of ammonia volatilization from turkey manure and urea applied to soil. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 58, 985-990   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Fenn, L. B. and Escarzaga, R. (1976) Ammonia volatilization from surface applications of ammonium compounds on calcareous soils: V. Soil water content and methods of nitrogen application. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 40, 537-541   DOI
5 Bouwman, A. F., Boumans, L. J. M., and Batjes, N. H. (2002) Estimation of global NH3 volatilization loss from synthetic fertilizers and animal manure applied to arable lands and grasslands. Global Biogeochem. Cy. 16, 1024   DOI
6 J., Lee, S. I., Lee, D. S., and Choi, W. J. (2009) Interactive effects of synthetic nitrogen fertilizer and composted manure on ammonia volatilization from soils. Plant Soil (DOI 10.1007/s11104-009-9967-3)   DOI   ScienceOn
7 Cai, G. X., Freney, J. R., Humphreys, E., Demand, O. T., Samson, M., and Simpson, J. R. (1987) Use of surface film to reduce ammonia volatilization from flooded rice fields. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 39: 177-196
8 Liu, G. D., Li, Y. C., and Alva, A. K. (2007) Temperature quotients of ammonia emission of different nitrogen sources applied to four agricultural soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 71, 1482-1489   DOI   ScienceOn
9 He, Z. L., Alva, A. K., Calvert, D. V., and Banks, D. J. (1999) Ammonia volatilization from different fertilizer sources and effects of temperature and soil pH. Soil Sci. 164, 750-758   DOI
10 Choi, W. J., Chang, S. X., Kwak, J. H., Jung, J. W., Lim, S. S., Yoon, K. S., and Choi, S. M (2007) Nitrogen transformations and ammonia volatilization losses from 15N-urea as affected by the coapplication of composted pig manure. Can. J. Soil Sci. 87, 485-493   DOI   ScienceOn
11 IPCC (2007) Climate Change 2007: Synthesis report. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland
12 De Costa, W. A. J. M., Weerakoon, W. M. W., Herath, H. M. L. K., Amaratunga, K. S. P., and Abeywardena, R. M. I. (2006) Physiology of yield determination of rice under elevated carbon dioxide at high temperature in a subhumid tropical climate. Field Crop Res. 96, 336-347   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Feast, N. A. and Dennis, P. F. (1996) A comparison of methods for nitrogen isotope analysis of groundwater. Chem. Geol. 129, 167-171   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Hauck, R. D. and Bremner, J. M. (1976) Use of tracers for soil fertilizer nitrogen research. Adv. Agron. 28, 219-266   DOI
15 M., and Miura, S. (2003) Seasonal changes in the effects of elevated $CO_2$ on rice at three levels of nitrogen supply: a free air $CO_2$enrichment (FACE) experiment. Global Change Biol. 9, 826-837   DOI   ScienceOn
16 Bannayan, M., Kobayashi, K., Kim, H. Y., Lieffering, M., Okada, M., and Miura, S. (2005) Modeling the interactive effects of atmospheric $CO_2$ and N on rice growth and yield. Field Crop Res. 93, 237-251   DOI   ScienceOn
17 Weerakoon, W. M. W., Ingram, K. T., Moss, D. N. (2005) Atmospheric $CO_2$concentration effects on N partitioning and fertilizer N recovery in field grown rice (Oryza sativa L.). Agr. Ecosyst. Environ. 108, 342-349   DOI   ScienceOn
18 Krishnan, P., Swain, D. K., Bhaskar, B. C., Nayak, S. K., and Dash, R. N. (2007) Impact of elevated $CO_2$ and temperature on rice yield and methods of adaptation as evaluated by crop simulation studies. Agr. Ecosyst. Environ. 122, 233-242   DOI   ScienceOn
19 Kim, H. Y., Lieffering, M., Miura, S., Kobayashi, K., and Okada, M. (2001) Growth and nitrogen uptake of $CO_2$-enriched rice under field conditions. New Phytol. 150, 223-229   DOI   ScienceOn
20 Kim, H. Y., Lieffering, M., Kobayashi, K., Okada, M., Mitchell, M. W., and Gumpertz, M. (2003) Effects of free-air $CO_2$ enrichment and nitrogen supply on the yield of temperate paddy rice crops. Field Crop Res. 83, 261-270   DOI   ScienceOn
21 Yang, L., Wang, Y., Kobayashi, K., Zhu, J., Huang, J., Yang, H., Wang, Y., Dong, G., Liu, G., Han, Y., Shan, Y., Hu, J., and Zhou, J. (2008) Seasonal changes in the effects of free-air $CO_2$ enrichment (FACE) on growth, morphology and physiology of rice root at three levels of nitrogen fertilization. Global Change Biol. 14, 1844-1853   DOI   ScienceOn