Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.14579/MEMBRANE_JOURNAL.2019.29.6.339

Optimal Flow Rate Evaluation for Low Energy, High Efficiency Cleaning of Forward Osmosis (FO)  

Kim, Yihyang (School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University)
Kim, Jungbin (School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University)
Zhan, Min (School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University)
Min, Dahae (School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University)
Hong, Seungkwan (School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University)
Publication Information
Membrane Journal / v.29, no.6, 2019 , pp. 339-347 More about this Journal
Abstract
Forward osmosis (FO) is operated at a lower pressure than reverse osmosis (RO), which has great advantages in terms of fouling control, maintenance, membrane cleaning, and potential energy reduction. In particular, since the membrane fouling layer of the forward osmosis process has a relatively loose and dispersed property, it is possible to control the membrane fouling by physical cleaning, unlike the reverse osmosis process. However, existing studies do not apply the proper cleaning flow rate for forward osmosis physical cleaning, and thus there is a limit that the optimal operation can not be performed. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the justification of proper flow rate that can show high efficiency cleaning with economical energy amount. The membrane fouling experiments of the forward osmosis process were maintained at a circulating flow rate of 8.54 cm/s and the recovery rates were compared with the three cleaning flow rates. As a result of this experiment, it was confirmed that the 2 × speed cleaning showed the same efficiency as the water permeability recovery rate of the 3 × speed cleaning, and it was confirmed that the 2 × speed cleaning was an appropriate flow rate with high cleaning efficiency and economical SEC.
Keywords
forward osmosis; specific energy consumption (SEC); flow rate; cleaning;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 C. Boo, M. Elimelech, and S. Hong, "Fouling control in a forward osmosis process integrating seawater desalination and wastewater reclamation", J. Membr. Sci., 444, 148 (2013).   DOI
2 Y. Kim, M. Elimelech, H. K. Shon, and S. Hong, "Combined organic and colloidal fouling in forward osmosis: Fouling reversibility and the role of applied pressure", J. Membr. Sci., 460, 206 (2014).   DOI
3 G. Gwak and S. Hong, "New approach for scaling control in forward osmosis (FO) by using an antiscalant- blended draw solution", J. Membr. Sci., 530, 95 (2017).   DOI
4 G. Gwak, B. Jung, S. Han, and S. Hong, "Evaluation of poly (aspartic acid sodium salt) as a draw solute for forward osmosis", Water Res., 80, 294 (2015).   DOI
5 A. Achilli, T. Y. Cath, E. A. Marchand, and A. E. Childress, "The forward osmosis membrane bioreactor: A low fouling alternative to MBR processes", Desalination, 239, 10 (2009).   DOI
6 B. Mi and M. Elimelech, "Organic fouling of forward osmosis membranes: Fouling reversibility and cleaning without chemical reagents", J. Membr. Sci., 348, 337 (2010).   DOI
7 B. Mi and M. Elimelech, "Gypsum scaling and cleaning in forward osmosis: Measurements and mechanisms", Environ. Sci. Technol., 44, 2022 (2010).   DOI
8 B. Mi and M. Elimelech, "Silica scaling and scaling reversibility in forward osmosis", Desalination, 312, 75 (2013).   DOI
9 N. M. Mazlan, P. Marchetti, H. Maples, B. Gu, S. Karan, A. Bismarck, and A. G. Livingston, "Organic fouling behaviour of structurally and chemically different forward osmosis membranes - A study of cellulose triacetate and thin film composite membranes", J. Membr. Sci., 520, 247 (2016).   DOI
10 G. Blandin, H. Vervoort, P. Le-Clech, and A. R. Verliefde, "Fouling and cleaning of high permeability forward osmosis membranes", J. Water Process Eng., 9, 161 (2016).   DOI
11 M. M. Motsa, B. B. Mamba, J. M. Thwala, and A. R. D. Verliefde, "Osmotic backwash of fouled FO membranes: Cleaning mechanisms and membrane surface properties after cleaning", Desalination, 402, 62 (2017).   DOI
12 C. Boo, M. Elimelech, and S. Hong, "Fouling control in a forward osmosis process integrating seawater desalination and wastewater reclamation", J. Membr. Sci., 444, 148 (2013).   DOI
13 R. V. Linares, S. S. Bucs, Z. Li, M. AbuGhdeeb, G. Amy, and J. S. Vrouwenvelder, "Impact of spacer thickness on biofouling in forward osmosis", Water Res., 57, 223 (2014).   DOI
14 B. Mi and M. Elimelech, "Chemical and physical aspects of organic fouling of forward osmosis membranes", J. Membr. Sci., 320, 292 (2008).   DOI
15 M. A. Shannon, P. W. Bohn, M. Elimelech, J. G. Georgiadis, B. J. Marinas, and A. M. Mayes, "Science and technology for water purification in the coming decades", Nature, 452, 301 (2008).   DOI
16 N. T. Hancock, P. Xu, M. J. Roby, J. D. Gomez, and T. Y. Cath, "Towards direct potable reuse with forward osmosis: Technical assessment of long-term process performance at the pilot scale", J. Membr. Sci., 445, 34 (2013).   DOI
17 B. G. Choi, M. Zhan, K. Shin, S. Lee, and S. Hong, "Pilot-scale evaluation of FO-RO osmotic dilution process for treating wastewater from coal-fired power plant integrated with seawater desalination", J. Membr. Sci., 540, 78 (2017).   DOI
18 M. Zhan, G. Gwak, D. I. Kim, K. Park, and S. Hong, "Quantitative analysis of the irreversible membrane fouling of forward osmosis during wastewater reclamation: Correlation with the modified fouling index", J. Membr. Sci., DOI:10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117757.
19 M. Elimelech and W. A. Phillip, "The future of seawater desalination: Energy, technology, and the environment", Science, 333, 712 (2011).   DOI
20 L. F. Greenlee, D. F. Lawler, B. D. Freeman, B. Marrot, and P. Moulin, "Reverse osmosis desalination: Water sources, technology, and today's challenges", Water Res., 43, 2317 (2009).   DOI
21 S. Lee, C. Boo, M. Elimelech, and S. Hong, "Comparison of fouling behavior in forward osmosis (FO) and reverse osmosis (RO)", J. Membr. Sci., 365, 34 (2010).   DOI
22 E. M. Hoek and M. Elimelech, "Cake-enhanced concentration polarization: A new fouling mechanism for salt-rejecting membranes", Environ. Sci. Technol., 37, 5581 (2003).   DOI
23 D. L. Shaffer, J. R. Werber, H. Jaramillo, S. Lin, and M. Elimelech, "Forward osmosis: Where are we now?", Desalination, 356, 271 (2015).   DOI
24 N. Misdan, W. Lau, and A. Ismail, "Seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination by thin-film composite membrane - Current development, challenges and future prospects", Desalination, 287, 228 (2012).   DOI
25 L. N. Sim, Y. Ye, V. Chen, and A. G. Fane, "Comparison of MFI-UF constant pressure, MFIUF constant flux and crossflow sampler-modified fouling index ultrafiltration (CFSMFI UF)", Water Res., 45, 1639 (2011).   DOI
26 T. Nguyen, F. A. Roddick, and L. Fan, "Biofouling of water treatment membranes: A review of the underlying causes, monitoring techniques and control measures", Membranes, 2, 804 (2012).   DOI
27 A. Ruiz-Garcia, N. Melian-Martel, and I. Nuez, "Short review on predicting fouling in RO desalination", Membranes, 7, 62 (2017).   DOI
28 C.-H. Wei, S. Laborie, R. B. Aim, and G. Amy, "Full utilization of silt density index (SDI) measurements for seawater pre-treatment", J. Membr. Sci., 405, 212 (2012).   DOI
29 ASTM, "Standard test method for silt density index (SDI) of water", D19.08 D4189-07 (2014).
30 A. Alhadidi, B. Blankert, A. Kemperman, R. Schurer, J. Schippers, M. Wessling, and W. van der Meer, "Limitations, Improvements and alternatives of the silt density index", Desalin. Water Treat., 51, 1104 (2013).   DOI
31 Y. Jin, H. Lee, Y. O. Jin, and S. Hong, "Application of multiple modified fouling index (MFI) measurements at full-scale SWRO plant", Desalination, 407, 24 (2017).   DOI
32 Y. Jin, Y. Ju, H. Lee, and S. Hong, "Fouling potential evaluation by cake fouling index: Theoretical development, measurements, and its implications for fouling mechanisms", J. Membr. Sci., 490, 57 (2015).   DOI
33 L. Malaeb and G. M. Ayoub, "Reverse osmosis technology for water treatment: State of the art review", Desalination, 267, 1 (2011).   DOI
34 B. G. Choi, D. I. Kim, and S. Hong, "Fouling evaluation and mechanisms in a FO-RO hybrid process for direct potable reuse", J. Membr. Sci., 520, 89 (2016).   DOI
35 B. G. Choi, M. Zhan, K. Shin, S. Lee, and S. Hong, "Pilot-scale evaluation of FO-RO osmotic dilution process for treating wastewater from coal-fired power plant integrated with seawater desalination", J. Membr. Sci., 540, 78 (2017).   DOI