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Treatment of AP Solutions Extracted from Solid Propellant by NF/RO Membrane Process  

Kong, Choongsik (Beautiful Environment Construction Co., Ltd.)
Heo, Jiyong (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Carolina)
Yoon, Yeomin (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Carolina)
Han, Jonghun (Department of Civil and Environmental Sciences, Korea Army Academy)
Her, Namguk (Department of Civil and Environmental Sciences, Korea Army Academy)
Publication Information
Membrane Journal / v.22, no.4, 2012 , pp. 235-242 More about this Journal
Abstract
Ammonium perchlorate (AP) is primarily derived from the process of liquid incineration treatment when dismantling a solid rocket propellant. A series of batch dead-end nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membrane experiments were conducted to explore the retention mechanisms of AP under various hydrodynamic and solution conditions. Low levels of silicate type of siloxane had been detected through the GC/MS and FTIR analysis of liquid solutions extracted from solid ammonium perchlorate composite propellant (APCP). It is indicated that NF/RO membranes fouling in the presence of APCP was mainly attributed to the AP interactions because the concentration of silicate type of siloxane was negligible compared to that of AP. The osmotic pressure of AP was presumably resulted in the flux declines ranging from 13 to 17% in the case of the application of low-pressure (551 and 896 kPa for NF and RO) compared to those in application of high-pressure. The retention of AP by NF/RO membranes significantly varied from approximately 10 to 70% for NF and 26 to 87% for RO, depending on the operating and solution water chemistry conditions. The results suggested that retention efficiency of AP was fairly increased by reducing concentration polarization (i.e. application of low-pressure and stirring speed of 600 rpm) and increasing the pH of a solution. The result of this study was also consistent with the previous modeling of 'solute mass transfer of NF/RO membranes' and demonstrated that hydrodynamic and solution water chemistry conditions are to be a key factor in the retention of AP by NF/RO membranes.
Keywords
solid rocket propellant; ammonium perchlorate; reverse osmosis; nanofiltration; retention;
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