Browse > Article

Scale Formation in the Concentrate Compartment of an Electrodialysis Stack During Desalination of Brackish Water  

Moon Seung-Hyeon (Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST))
Yang Jung-Hoon (Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST))
Yeon Kyeong-Ho (Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST))
Publication Information
Membrane Journal / v.15, no.2, 2005 , pp. 175-186 More about this Journal
Abstract
An electrodialysis process was operated for a long period to investigate the scale formation on the membrane surface. During the desalination process, concentration of $Ca^{2+}$ and $SO_4^{2-}$ ions increased continuously in the concentrate compartment and eventually caused precipitation on the cation exchange membrane (Neosepta CMX) surface. During the initial scale formation, the performance of the process and membrane characteristics did not show significant changes, except the decrease in limiting current density of the CMX membrane occurring due to increase in the salt concentration in the concentrate compartment. Eventually, the limiting current density of the fouled CMX membrane dropped significantly to $300\;A/m^2$ as water dissociation occurred in the CMX membrane. It was concluded that the fouling was caused mainly by the scale formation on the cation exchange membrane surface in the concentrate and consequent water dissociation. Also the scale formation was reasonably predicted by the solubility of $CaSO_4$.
Keywords
electrodialysis; scale; limiting current density; back diffusion; water dissociation;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 K. H. Yeon and S. H. Moon, 'Principle and Application of Continuous Electrodeionization,' Membrane Journal, 11, 61 (2001)
2 B. K. Park, B. P. Hong, K. S. Yeo, M. H. Yun, H. S. Byun, and H. J. Kang, 'Preparation and Application of Pore-filled PVDF Ion Exchange Membrane,' Membrane Journal, 14, 108 (2004)
3 J. M. Ortiz, J. A. Sotoca, E. Exposito, F. Gallud, V. Garcia-Garcia, V. Montiel, and A. Aldaz, 'Brackish water desalination by electrodialysis: batch recirculation operation modeling,' J. Membr. Sci., 252, 65 (2005)
4 P. Tsiakis and L. G. Papageorgiou, 'Optimal design of an electrodialysis brackish water desalination plant,' Desalination, 173, 173 (2005)
5 H. J. Lee and S. H. Moon, 'Fouling of Ion Exchange Membranes and Their Fouling Mitigation,' Membrane Journal, 12, 55 (2002)
6 J. S. Park, J. H. Choi, and S. H. Moon, 'Operation of Electrodialysis at Over Limiting Current Density,' Membrane Journal, 12, 171 (2002)
7 V. I. Zabolotsky, V. V. Nikonenko, and N. D. Pismenskaya, and A. G. Istoshin, 'Electrodialysis technology for deep demineralization of surface and ground water,' Desalination, 108, 179 (1996)
8 M. Mulder, 'Basic Principles of Membrane Tech nology,' Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht Boston, London (1996)
9 H. G. Heitmann, 'Saline water processing,' pp. 45 VCH Press, New York (1990)
10 Y. Tanaka, 'Water dissociation in ion-exchange membrane electrodialysis,' J. Membr. Sci., 203, 227 (2002)
11 Y. Tanaka, 'Mass transport and energy consumption in ion-exchange membrane electrodialysis of seawater,' J. Membr. Sci., 215, 265 (2003)
12 J. P. van der Hoek and J. A. M. H. Hofman, 'Electrodialysis as an alternative for reverse osmosis in an integrated membrane system,' Desalination, 117, 159 (1998)
13 E. James Watkins and Peter H. Pfromm, 'Capacitance spectroscopy to characterize organic fouling of electrodialysis membranes,' J. Membr. Sci., 162, 213 (1999)
14 E. Komgold, L. Aronov, N. Belayev, and K. Kock, 'Electrodialysis with brine solutions oversaturated with caleium sulfate,' Desalination, 172, 63 (2005)
15 M. S. Kang, Y. J. Choi, and S. H. Moon, 'Effects of Immobilized Bipolar Interface Formed by Multivalent and Large Molecular Ions on Electrodialytic Water Splitting at Cation-Exchange Membrane Surface,' Membrane Journal, 13, 143 (2003)
16 Tokuyama Soda Inc., 'Neosepta ion exchange mem branes,' Product brochure, Japan, (1995)
17 J. H. Choi and S. H. Moon, 'Concentration Polarization Phenomena in Ion-Exchange Membranes,' Membrane Journal, 12, 143 (2002)
18 W. S. Winston, H. Kamalesh, and K. Sirkar, 'Membrane Handbook,' Van Nostrand Reinhold Publ., New York (1992)
19 M. Turek, 'Cost effective electrodialytic seawater desalination,' Desalination, 153, 371 (2002)
20 I. Atamanenko, A. Kryvoruchko, L. Yurlova, and E. Tsapiuk, 'Study of the $CaSO_4$ deposits in the presence of scale inhibitors,' Desalination, 147, 257 (2002)
21 N. Kahraman, Y. A. Cengel, B. Wood, and Y. Cerci, 'Energy analysis of a combined RO, NF, and EDR desalination plant,' Desalination, 171, 217 (2005)