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ASTM Standard E 1820-05, 2005, "Standard Test Method for Measurement of Fracture Toughness," ASTM International.
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ASTM Standard E 1921-05, 2005, "Standard Test Method for Determination of the Reference Temperature, , for Ferritic Steels in the Transition Range," ASTM International.
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Bass, B. R., McAfee, W. J., Williams, P. T. and Pennell, W. E., 1998, "Evaluation of Constraint Methodologies Applied to a Shallow-Flaw Cruciform Bend Specimen Tested under Biaxial Loading Conditions," ASME/JSME Joint Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference.
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Link, R. E., Joyce, J. A. and Roe, C., 2007. "An Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Biaxial Loading on the Master Curve Transition Temperature in RPV Steels," Engineering Fracture Mechanics, Vol. 74, pp. 2824-2843.
DOI
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Hohe, J., Luckow, S., Hardenacke, V., Sguaizer and Y., Siegele, D., 2011, "Enhanced Fracture Assessment under Biaxial External Loads using Small Scale Cruciform Bending Specimens," Engineering Fracture Mechanics, Vol. 78, pp. 1876-1894.
DOI
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"User's Manual," ABAQUS Version 6.4-1, ABAQUS, Inc., 2003.
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O'Dowd, N. P. and Shih, C. F., 1991, "Family of Crack-tip Fields Characterized by a Triaxiality Parameter," Journal of Mechanics and Physics of Solids, Vol. 39, pp. 898-1015.
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8 |
Brocks W. and Schmit, W., 1995, "The Second Parameter in J-R Curves: Constraint or Triaxiality. In: Kirk, M., Bakker, A., Editors. Constraint Effects in Fracture-theory and Applications," ASTM STP 1244, Philadelphia: American Society for Testing and Materials, pp. 209-231.
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