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Contamination Characteristics of Hazardous Air Pollutants in Particulate Matter in the Atmosphere of Ulsan, Korea  

Lee, Sang-Jin (School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST))
Kim, Seong-Joon (School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST))
Park, Min-Kyu (School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST))
Cho, In-Gyu (School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST))
Lee, Ho-Young (School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST))
Choi, Sung-Deuk (School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST))
Publication Information
Journal of Environmental Analysis, Health and Toxicology / v.21, no.4, 2018 , pp. 281-291 More about this Journal
Abstract
Recently, long-range atmospheric transport (LRAT) from China is regarded as a major reason for elevated levels of particulate matter (PM) in Korea. However, local emissions also play an important role in PM pollution, especially in large-scale industrial cities. In this study, PM samples were collected at suburban, residential, and industrial sites in Ulsan, Korea. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals were analyzed, and a potential human health risk assessment was conducted. The concentrations of PAHs and heavy metals in total suspended particles (TSP) increased during high $PM_{10}$ episodes, and backward trajectory analysis verified the influence of LRAT from China during the high episodes. Furthermore, the concentrations of PAHs and heavy metals in $PM_{2.5}$ and $PM_{10}$ at the industrial site were higher than those at the residential site. The risk assessment of PAHs and heavy metals in $PM_{2.5}$ suggested no significant health effects. The highest levels of PAHs were measured in the particle size of $0.32{\sim}0.56{\mu}m$ at the residential site, and those of heavy metals were detected in the particle size of 1.8~5.6 and $>18{\mu}m$, reflecting different major emissions sources for both groups. On the basis of this preliminary study, we are planning long-term monitoring and modeling studies to quantitatively evaluate the influence of industrial activities on the PM pollution in Ulsan.
Keywords
PAHs; Heavy metals; Risk assessment; Ulsan; Particulate matter;
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