Browse > Article

Anatomical Variations in the Communicating Rami of the Upper Thoracic Sympathetic Ganglia Related to the Essential Palmar Hyperhidrosis  

Cho, Hyun-Min (Dept. of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine)
Kim, Kil-Dong (Dept. of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine)
Lee, Sak (Dept. of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine)
Chung, Kyung-Young (Dept. of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine)
Publication Information
Journal of Chest Surgery / v.36, no.3, 2003 , pp. 182-188 More about this Journal
Abstract
Background: Although ramicotomy (division of the rami communicantes of the thoracic sympathetic ganglia) is a selective and physiological surgical method for essential hyperhidrosis, it has some problems such as higher recurrence rates and the different surgical results among the patients and between left and right sides in the same individual. As one of the factors that are related to the differences in surgical result and recurrences, we investigated the anatomical variations of the rami communicantes. The purpose of this study is to help develop new surgical methods to decrease surgical differences among the patients or between the left and right sides of the same individual and recurrence rates in the clinical application of ramicotomy. Material and Method: We dissected 118 thoracic sympathetic chains in 59 adult Korean cadavers (male: 33, female: 26) to examine the anatomical variations of the rami communicantes from the second to the fourth thoracic sympathetic ganglia that have major components innervating to the hands. After the dissection of bilateral thoracic sympathetic chains, we compared the anatomy of left and right sides and examined the anatomical variations of rami communicantes. Result: The number and variation of communicating rami connecting the spinal nerves and the second sympathetic thoracic ganglion were much larger than lower levels. There was considerably less variability in the anatomy of the rami communicantes at successive levels. Among the 59 cadavers dissected, only 14.3% (9/59) had similar anatomy of thoracic sympathetic chains at both sides. As the components related to the essential palmar hyperhidrosis, intrathoracic nerve of Kuntz from the second thoracic sympathetic ganglion to the first intercostal nerve or brachial plexus were observed in 55.9% (66/118). The incidence of descending rami communicates from the second thoracic sympathetic ganglion to the third intercostal nerve and from the third thoracic sympathetic ganglion to the fourth intercostal nerve were 49.2% (58/118) and 28.0% (33/118). And the incidence of ascending rami communicates from the third thoracic sympathetic ganglion to the second intercostal nerve and from the fourth thoracic sympathetic ganglion to the third intercostal nerve were 6.8% (8/118) and 3.4% (4/118), respectively. Conclusion: Based on the various anatomical evidences of the rami communicantes from this study, only the ramicotomy at the third sympathetic ganglion level is insufficient for the treatment of the essential palmar hyperhidrosis to decrease the difference of surgical results and recurrences. When one is planning to perform the ramicotomy for the essential palmar hyperhidrosis, it is advantageous to divide the intrathoracic nerve of Kuntz on the second rib and the descending or ascending rami communicantes on the third and the fourth ribs as well as all the communicating rami from the third sympathetic ganglion.
Keywords
Hyperhidrosis; Anatomy; regional;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 3  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Thoracoscopic sympathectomy for upper limb hyperhidrosis: Looking for the right operation /
[ Gossort D;Toledo L;Fritsch S(et al.) ] / Ann Thorac Surg   DOI   ScienceOn
2 The high thoracic sympathetic nerve system-its anatomic variability /
[ van Rhede van der Kloot E;Drukker J;Lemmens HAJ;Greep JM. ] / J Surg Res   DOI   ScienceOn
3 수장부 다한증에서 제2번 및 제2, 3번 흉부 교감신경절 차단술의 비교 /
[ 성숙환;조광리;김영태;김주현 ] / 대흉외지   과학기술학회마을
4 Observations on the gray and white rami communicantes in human embryo /
[ Pearson AA;Eckhardt AL. ] / Arch Surg   DOI
5 Surgical implications of upper thoracic independent sympathetic pathways /
[ Ehrlich E;Alexander WF. ] / Anat Rec   DOI   ScienceOn
6 /
[ Monro PAG. ] / Sympathectomy
7 The identification of sympathetic segments /
[ Pick J. ] / Ann Surg   DOI   ScienceOn
8 수부 다한증에서 흉부 3번 교감 신경 차단수술의 효과 /
[ 김광택;김일현;이송암(등) ] / 대흉외지   과학기술학회마을
9 Distribution of the sympathetic rami to the brachial plexus: its relation to sympathectomy affecting the upper extremities /
[ Kuntz A. ] / Arch Surg   DOI
10 안면부 다한증 환자의 제2흉부 교감신경절단술 /
[ 성숙환;김태헌 ] / 대흉외지   과학기술학회마을
11 Sympathetic components of the dorsal primary divisions of human spinal nerves /
[ Dass R. ] / Anat Rec   DOI   ScienceOn
12 Sympathetic rami in man /
[ Pick J;Sheehan D. ] / J Anat
13 Surgical implications of lower thoracic and lumber independent sympathetic pathways /
[ Kuntz A;Alexander WF. ] / Arch Surg   DOI
14 Anatomic variations of the T2 nerve root (including the nerve of Kuntz) and their implications for sympathectomy /
[ Chung IH;Oh CS;Koh KS;Kim HJ;Paik HC;Lee DY. ] / J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg   DOI   ScienceOn
15 Video-assisted thoracoscopic sympathetic ramicotomy for hyperhidrosis - A way to reduce the complications /
[ Cheng YJ;Wu HH;Kao EL. ] / Ann Chir Gynaecol