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Role of Group II Phospholipase $A_2$ in the Pulmonary Oxidative Stress of the Acute Lung Injury Induced by Gut Ischemia-Reperfusion  

Jheon, Sang-Hoon (Dept. of Thoracic & cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu)
Kim, Keun (Dept. of Thoracic Surgery, Daegu Medical Center)
Lee, Sang-Cheol (Dept. of Thoracic & cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University)
Kim, Seong-Eun (Dept. of Physiology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu)
Lee, Young-Man (Dept. of Physiology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu)
Lee, Jong-Tae (Dept. of Thoracic & cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University)
Publication Information
Journal of Chest Surgery / v.35, no.7, 2002 , pp. 501-510 More about this Journal
Abstract
Background: The various pathogeneses of acute respiratory distress syndrome have been suggested but not established yet. In the present study, the role of group II phospholipase $A_2$($PLA_2$) in the pathogenesis of gut ischemia-reperfusion(I/R) induced acute lung injury (ALI), especially in the pulmonary oxidative stress with infiltration of neutrophils was investigated. Material and Method: To induce ALI, reperfusion of mesentery was done for 120 min after clamping of superior mesenteric artery for 60 min in Sprague-Dawley rats that weighed about 300g. To exmaine the role of group II $PLA_2$ in ALI, especially endothelial injury associated with the action of neutrophils, lung myeloperoxidase activity, lung leak index, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid protein were measured, and pulmonary $PLA_2$ activity changes in gut I/R were also measured. The role of group II $PLA_2$in the neutrophilic generation of free radicals was assessed by inhibiting group II $PLA_2$ with rutin, manoalide and scalaradial. Furthermore, to verify the oxidative stress in the lung, histologic and free radical detecting cytochemical electron microscopy were done. Result: After reperfusion, ALI was developed with accumulation of neutrophils in the lung, which was confirmed by the increase of myeloperoxidase activity, lung leak index and bronchoalveolar lavage protein (p<0.001). The pulmonary and intestinal group II $PLA_2$ activities significantly increased after gut I/R which were reversed by rutin(p<0.001). In vitro, cytochrome-c reduction assay denoted the inhibitory effects of rutin, scalaradial and manoalide on the production of free radicals from isolated human neutrophils. Histologically, neutrophilic accumulation and pericapillary edema in the lung after gut I/R was detected by light microscopy which was suppressed by rutin. In $CeCl_3$ cytochemical electron microscopy, the increased production of hydrogen peroxide in the lung after gut I/R was confirmed and also the production of hydrogen peroxide was decreased by rutin. Conclusion: On the basis of these experimental results, the inhibition of group II $PLA_2$ seemed to mitigate gut I/R-induced ALI by suppressing the production of free radicals from the infiltrated neutrophils. Collectively, group II $PLA_2$ seems to play a crucial role in gut I/R-induced ALI by neutrophilic oxidative stress.
Keywords
Respiratory distress syndrome; Phospholipase A; Phospholipae $A_2$;
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