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The Clinical Effects of Normocapnia and Hypercapnia on Cerebral Oxygen Metabolism in Cardiopulmonary Bypass  

김성룡 (인제대학교 의과대학 부산 백명원 흉부외과학 교실)
최석철 (부산가톨릭대학교 보건과학대학 임상병리학과)
최국렬 (인제대학교 데이터 정보학과)
박상섭 (울산광역시 동강병원 흉부외과)
최강주 (인제대학교 의과대학 부산 백명원 흉부외과학 교실)
윤영철 (인제대학교 의과대학 부산 백명원 흉부외과학 교실)
전희재 (인제대학교 의과대학 부산 백명원 흉부외과학 교실)
이양행 (인제대학교 의과대학 부산 백명원 흉부외과학 교실)
황윤호 (인제대학교 의과대학 부산 백명원 흉부외과학 교실)
Publication Information
Journal of Chest Surgery / v.35, no.10, 2002 , pp. 712-723 More about this Journal
Abstract
Substantial alterations in cerebral blood flow(CBF) are known to occur during cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB). Many investigators have speculated that these changes may be responsible for both minor and major cerebral damages after CPB. More recently, these changes in CBF have been observed to be intimately related to the arterial carbon dioxide tension(Pa$CO_2$) maintained during CPB. The present study was prospectively designed to investigate the clinical effects of normocapnic and hypercapnic CPB on the cerebral oxygen metabolism in cardiac surgery Material and Method: Thirty-six adult patients scheduled for elective cardiac surgery were randomized to either normocapnic group (Pa$CO_2$35~40 mmHg, n=18) or hypercapnic group(Pa$CO_2$, 45~55 mmHg, n=18) with moderately hypothermic nonpulsatile CPB(nasopharyngeal temperature of 29~3$0^{\circ}C$). In each patient, middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity( $V_{MCA}$), cerebral arteriovenous oxygen content difference (C(a-v) $O_2$), cerebral oxygen extraction(COE), cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen(CMR $O_2$), cerebral oxygen transport( $T_{E}$ $O_2$), $T_{E}$ $O_2$/CMR $O_2$ ratio, cerebral desaturation(internal jugular bulb blood oxygen saturation $\leq$ 50%), and arterial and jugular bulb blood gas were evaluated throughout the operation. Postoperative neuropsychologic complications were assessed in all patients. All variables were compared between the two groups. Result: VMCA(169.13 $\pm$ 8.32 vs 153.11 $\pm$8.98%), TE $O_2$(1,911.17$\pm$250.14 vs 1,757.40$\pm$249.56), $T_{E}$ $O_2$,/CMR $O_2$ ratio(287.38$\pm$28.051 vs 246.77$\pm$25.84), $O_2$ tension in internal jugular bulb (41.66$\pm$9.19 vs 31.50$\pm$6.09 mmHg), and $O_2$saturation in internal jugular bulb(68.97$\pm$10.96 vs 58.12$\pm$12.11%) during CPB were significantly lower in normocapnic group(p=0.03), whereas hypercapnic group had lower C(a-v) $O_2$(3.9$\pm$0.3 vs 4.9$\pm$0.3 mL/dL), COE(0.3$\pm$0.03 vs 0.4$\pm$0.03), CMR $O_2$(5.8 $\pm$0.5 vs 6.8$\pm$0.6), and arterial blood pH(7.36$\pm$0.09 vs 7.46$\pm$0.07, p=0.04) during CPB. Hypercapnic group had lower incidence of cerebral desaturation than normocapnic group(3 vs 9 patients, p=0.03). Duration of the neuropsychologic complication(delirium) were shorter in hypercapnic group than in normocapnic group(36 vs 60 hrs, p=0.009). Conclusion: These findings suggest that hypercapnic CPB may have salutary effects on the cerebral oxygen metabolism and postoperative neurologic outcomes in cardiac surgery.surgery.
Keywords
Cardiopulmonary bypass; Carbondioxide; Cerebral perfusion; Metabolism;
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